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Mineralogy > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Calcite

carbonate

A

CaCO3
Strong Features: soft, conchoidal, fluorescence, and effervescence with hydrochloric acid.

Occurence: Calcite is a constituent of all mineral environment, including sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic.

IG, SED, META

H: 3
S: white
L: vitreous
F: conchoidal; 1,3 - rhombohedral
CS: hexagonal

C: Colorless, white, yellow, brown, orange, pink, red, purple, blue, green, gray, black. May also be multicolored or banded.

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2
Q

Dolomite

carbonate

A

CaMg(CO3)2
Strong Features: Curved crystals and crystal groupings, associate minerals and environment

Occurence: In sedimentary rock, usually in dolomite rock or limestone. Also occasionally in high-temperature metamorphic rocks and low-temperature hydrothermal veins.

SED, META

H: 3.5 - 4
S: white
L: vitreous, pearly
F: conchoidal; 1,3 - rhombohedral
CS: hexagonal

C: Colorless, white, gray, peach, pink, yellow, and orange. Rarely yellow, green, red, and black.

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3
Q

Siderite

carbonate

A

FeCO3
Strong Features: Color and crystal forms, cleavage, and white streak

Occurence: In sedimentary beds, medium and low temperature hydrothermal ore veins, and in nepheline syenite pegmatites.

IG, SED, META

H: 3.5 - 4
S: white
L: vitreous, pearly
F: conchoidal to uneven; 1,3 - rhombohedral
CS: hexagonal

C: Light to dark brown, yellow-brown, light yellow, yellow-green, greenish-brown, gray, and white.

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4
Q

Malachite

carbonate

A

Cu2CO3(OH)2
Strong Features: Green color, crystal habits (Most common habit is as large crusts of microscopic crystals; When they are not pseudomorphs, they are prismatic, tabular, re-entrant twins, and thin splinters), and association with Azurite

Occurence: As a secondary mineral in the oxidation zone of copper deposits.

SED, META

H: 3.5 - 4
S: light green
L: Vitreous, silky, or dull
F: splintery; 1,1 - basal. Not usually discernible because crystals are tiny.
CS: monoclinic

C: Light to dark green, sometimes banded with darker and lighter shades of green, and sometimes sparkling.

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5
Q

Azurite

carbonate

A

Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Strong Features: Deep blue color, blue streak, and common association with green Malachite

Occurence: As a secondary mineral in the oxidation zone of copper deposits.

SED, META

H: 3.5 - 4
S: light blue
L: vitreous, dull
F: conchoidal, splintery; 2,1 ; 3,2
CS: monoclinic

C: Blue to very dark blue

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6
Q

Rhodochrosite

carbonate

A

MnCO3
Strong Features: Color combined with crystal form ( Dense clusters of rhombohedral crystals, as well as parallel bundles of scalenohedral crystals are common), hardness, and cleavage

Occurence: Hydrothermal veins associated with Silver, Copper, and lead sulfides; may also be found in some pegmatites.

IG, SED, META

H: 3.5 - 4
S: white
L: vitreous to pearly
F: conchoidal to even; 1,3 - rhombohedral
CS: hexagonal

C: Bright red, hot pink, light pink, orange-red, brown, gray; may also be banded light and dark pink.

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7
Q

Gypsum

sulfate

A

CaSO x 2H2O
Strong Features: Crystal habits (Commonly occurs as tabular crystals, sometime perfect with no imperfections; fibrous veins; Crystals frequently twin, forming perfect fishtail twins or swallowtail twins; large crystals), low hardness, flexibility, and sectility

Occurence: In enormous deposits and beds in sedimentary rock, specifically limestone. Also in clay sedimentary deposits, and in dry caves. Occasionally also in igneous traprock and in the oxidation zone of sulfide deposits.

IG, SED

H: 2
S: white
L: vitreous to pearly
F: uneven; 1,1 - micaceous ; 2,2
CS: monoclinic

C: Colorless, white, gray, brown, beige, orange, pink, yellow, light red, green

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8
Q

Anhydrite

sulfate

A

CaSO4
Strong Features: Cleavage properties, crystal habits (Usually occurs as fibrous, parallel veins that break off into cleavage fragments, and as fan-like groupings), and low specific gravity.

Occurence: In sedimentary rock layers, in salt domes, and in igneous traprock.

IG, SED

H: 3 - 3.5
S: white to light grey
L: vitreous to pearly
F: uneven to splintery; 2,3 - forming a cube
CS: orthorhombic

C: Colorless, white, yellow, gray, blue, orange-red, red, pink, purple.

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9
Q

Celestite

sulfate

A

SrSO4
Strong Features: crystal forms, color zoning in some specimens, hardness

Occurence: Sedimentary rocks such as limestone; very rarely in metal ore veins

SED

H: 3 - 3.5
S: white
L: vitreous; pearly on cleavage surfaces
F: uneven
CS: orthorhombic

C: Blue, Brown, Colorless, Green, Gray

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10
Q

Barite

sulfate

A

BaSO4
Strong Features: heaviness, hardness, crystal habits; individual crystals usually twinned, can be large; tabular, prismatic, grainy, platy, coxcomb aggregates

Occurence: Sedimentary rocks and late gangue mineral in ore veins.

SED, META

H: 3-3.5
S: white
L: vitreous to pearly
F: uneven
CS: orthorhombic

C: White, Yellowish white, Grayish white, Brownish white, Dark brown; may be banded or multicolored.

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11
Q 
Olivine Group (Forsterite)
neosilicate
A

Mg2SiO4
Strong Features: rounded grains in dense aggregates of grainy crystals; color, localities, hardness

Occurrence: Ultramafic igneous rocks or dolomitic marbles.

IG, META

H: 6.5 - 7
S: colorless
L: vitreous; glassy
F: conchoidal
CS: orthorhombic

C: Colorless, Green, Yellow, Yellow green, yellow brown, White.

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12
Q

Garnet Group - Almandine/Almandite

neosilicate

A

Fe3Al2Si3O12
Strong Features: crystal form, color, hardness

Occurence: In regional metamorphic environments in mica schist, contact meta hornbills; in igneous rocks in diorite/granite pegmatites; as a sed min in alluvial deposits

IG, SED, META

H: 7.5 -8.5
S: colorless
L: vitreous; resinous
F: brittle; conchoidal to uneven
CS: isometric

C: Brown, Brownish red, Red, Black, Black red.

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13
Q

Garnet Group - Pyrope

neosilicate

A

Mg3Al2Si3O12
Strong Features: color, crystal form; usually rounded or distorted crystals, in dense crystal aggregates and in grainy form, harness

Occurence: Intrusive ig ultramafic rocks such as peridotite and kimberlite; in ultrahigh pressure meta rocks in placer deposits

IG, META

H: 7 - 7.5
S: colorless
L: vitreous
F: conchoidal
CS: isometric

C: Deep red to nearly black; rose-red to violet

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14
Q

Garnet Group - Grossular/Grossularite

A

Ca3Al2Si3O12
Strong Features: crystal forms; sharp dodecahedral crystals and dense aggregates; have growth patterns, etchings, striations

Occurence: in contact meta rocks in skarns, hornbills and in asbestos serpentine deposits

META

H: 6.5 - 7
S: colorless
L: vitreous; resinous
F: subconchoidal
CS: isometric

C: Brown, orange, green, yellow green, grey.

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15
Q

Zircon

neosilicate

A

ZrSiO4
Strong Features: shape, hardness, weight

Occurence: igneous environments; granite pegmatites; high grade meta rocks and placer deposits

IG, META

H: 7.5
S: colorless
L: greasy to adamantine (shiny)
F: uneven to conchoidal
CS: tetragonal

C: Brown, Reddish brown, Colorless, Gray, Green.

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16
Q

Aluminum Silicate Group - Andalusite

neosilicate

A

Al2SiO5
Strong Features: hardness, crystal habits (prismatic and blocky crystals and grouping; square cross-section; crystal usually rectangular, some with beveled edges; most often massive, grainy)

Occurence: metamorphosed schists, gneisses, hornfels; hydrothermal replacement deposits; granite pegmatites, alluvial deposits.

IG, SED, META

H: 6.5-7
S: colorless
L: vitreous; dull
F: Splintery - Thin, elongated fractures produced by intersecting good cleavages or partings; uneven
CS: orthorhombic

C: brown, green brown, orange brown, yellow brown, red brown, light pink, yellow, grey, white

17
Q

Aluminum Silicate Group - Kyanite

neosilicate

A

Al2SiO5
Strong Features: Different direction hardness and color.

Occurence: In metamorphosed schists and gneisses. Also in granite pegmatites.

IG, META

H: 4.5 - 7
S: colorless
L: vitreous
F: splintery; 1,1;2,1
CS: triclinic

C: Light to dark blue, indigo-blue. Sometimes multicolored with different shades of blue or white, or with color streaks or stripes. A frequent habit is a deeper colored blue streak running through the center of a crystal. Less commonly colorless, white, gray, green, orange, or black.

18
Q

Aluminum Silicate Group - Sillimanite

neosilicate

A

Al2SiO5
Strong Features: crystal habits (most often fibrous, sometimes with radiating crystal sprays embedded in matrix), hardness

Occurence: In metamorphosed schists and gneisses. Rarely in granite pegmatites.

META

H: 6.5 - 7.5
S: colorless
L: vitreous, silky
F: uneven, splintery
CS: orthorhombic

C: Gray, brown, yellowish-gray, white. Rarely colorless, light pink, or light purple.

19
Q

Staurolite

A

Fe2Al9Si4O22(OH)2
Strong Features: Crystal habits (perfect perpendicular crosses (sometimes known as staurolite twins), 60° penetration twins, and occasionally even in triple-twinned, star-shaped combinations), color, and habits

Occurence: In metamorphosed schists and gneisses.

META

H: 7 - 7.5
S: white
L: vitreous, dull
F: Uneven to subconchoidal; 3,1
CS: monoclinic

C: Brown, grayish brown, gray, yellowish-brown, reddish brown

20
Q

Titanite (sphene)

neosilicate

A

CaTiSiO5
Strong Features: Crystal habits (sharply angled, wedge shaped, flattened tabular form, in prismatic crystals with pointed terminations, and in complex dipyramidal crystals. Twinning is common as repeated twins; sometimes striated or naturally etched.), luster, and mode of occurrence

Occurrence: In metamorphic rocks such as marble, gneiss, schist, and skarns, and especially in contact zones. Also in hydrothermal replacement deposits, in altered diabase and granite, and in nepehline syenite pegmatites. A common member of alpine-type environments. Occasionally also in alluvial deposits.

IG, SED

H: 5 - 5.5
S: white
L: shiny, greasy
F: conchoidal; 2,2. Parting along crystal planes and twins is common.
CS: monoclinic

C: Light to dark brown, orange, yellow, yellowish-green, olive-green, emerald-green, greenish-brown. Rarely white, colorless, gray, pink, or purple. May have color zones with lighter to darker browns.

21
Q

Topaz

neosilicate

A

Al2SiO4(F,OH)2
Strong Features: Great hardness and perfect basal cleavage

Occurence: In igneous environments in granite pegmatites and in rhyolite. Occasionally in sedimentary alluvial deposits.

IG

H: 8
S: colorless
L: vitreous (glassy)
F: basal; subconchoidal, 1,3
CS: orthorhombic

C: Colorless, white, yellow, orange, brown, pink, light purple, gray, light blue, greenish blue, green. Occasionally multicolored.

22
Q

Olivine Group (Fayalite)

A

Fe++2SiO4
Strong Features:

Occurence: Ultra mafic silica-poor igneous rocks.

H: 6.5
S: white
L: vitreous
F: conchoidal
CS: orthorhombic
Habit: Granular - Generally occurs as anhedral to subhedral crystals in matrix. Massive - Granular - Common texture observed in granite and other igneous rock.

C: Brown, Black, Black.

Mineralogy (7 decks)

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