Quiz 2 Flashcards
psychoanalytic theory
*sigmund freud: behavior is driven by conscious and unconscious drives
3 drives under psychological.
id: drives one desire for instant gratification. seeks pleasure, avoids pain.
ego: manages/controls “id” to stay within societal norms.
superego: conscious, regulates right vs. wrong
criminal behavior = ego is _______ and your super ego is _____ or ____ _________
damaged, under, over developed
mental illness
in itself, doesn’t result in criminal behavior
schizophrenia
split from reality, living in a different world, not all there
paranoid schizophrenic
danger zone + substance abuse= no
mood disorder
extreme and prolonged emotional states that render the individual incapable of coping with the demands of everyday life
personality disprder
(1) enduring patterns of behavior that is deteriorating, and is different than the expectations of the individuals coming up. (2) caused by combo of genetics and environmental factors
anti-social disorder
pattern of disregard for the violation of the rights of others.
sociopathy
severely wrong with one’s conscious + all symptoms of antisocial disorder
psycopathy
complete lack of conscious. involves specific cognitive and emotional deficits, exhibited by a life-long pattern of anti-social disorder with no remorse
intelligence
really low IQ, or mentally disabled. low emotional IQ, inability to understand others emotions
sociological explanation
says criminal behavior is caused by external behavior, environment, income, education and race + gender
social structure
criminal behavior is related to social class and the high value we place on financial success
anomie
state of normlessness, developed by Durkheim.
Durkheim studied pact of urbanization.
strain theory
production by the inability to achieve. financial goals, negative experiences, racism, poverty
Robert Merton
took anomy and adapted it to U.Sz society. Focuses on lower class
Social Process
focuses on process / development of criminal behavior
- Study development of criminal behavior and explains the process by which criminal behavior occurs
- Address social interactions and reactions to behavior
- Takes the focus away from the crime being strictly a lower class problem.
Anyone can become a criminal
Differential association
- Edwind sutherland
Criminal and non-criminal behavior is learned through social interaction—> family friends, etc….
Social Learning Theory
Criminal behavior and values are learned through social interactions. HOWEVER, the rewards or punishments received by others could result in immediate behavior.
Labeling Theory
society and social control agencies all. react to a person’s behavior by labeling them deviant and the label becomes internalized, potentially acting accordingly.
social control
focused on political nature of crimes
- crime results from conflict between rich and poor
- designed to control; rich are more likely to commit crimes, poor are more likely to get caught
criminal law
help prevent government and government agents from having too much power or abusing it.
civil law
regulates relationships between or among individuals; usually involving contracts or business disputes
criminal law
- substantive: defines acts that are subject to punishment and specifies the punishment for such offenses.
- procedural: defines procedures that criminal justice officials must follow in the enforcement, adjudication, and connections.
substantive criminal law
there are 7 principals that have to be proven by prosecutor and the defense attorney
legality
the law must define a specific act as a crime
actus reus
requires a guilty act of commision or ommission (crime)
harm
act must cause harm to some legally protected value
causation
a cause affect must exist between the act and harm suffered
mens rea
guilty state of mind or criminal intent
concurrence
intent and act must be present at the same time
punishment
provision in the law must define a punishment for people who commit the crime
Affirmative Defenses
yeah i did it, but here’s why
entrapment
used to show lack of intent where the defendent is induced or offended
self defense
(1) requires immediate threat of harm
(2) level of forced used cannot exceed a reasonable perception
necessity
when law is broken w intent to save oneself or prevent some greater harm
