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Chemistry > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemistry

A

Study of matter, it’s composition, structure, and properties

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2
Q

Matter

A

anything that has mass and occupies space

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3
Q

mass

A

defines the quantity of matter in an object

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4
Q

what are the two types of matter?

A

pure substance, mixture

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5
Q

What are the two types of pure substances?

A

compound, element

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6
Q

what are the two types of mixtures?

A

homogenous, heterogenous

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7
Q

If matter can be seperated by physical processes, what is it?

A

mixture

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8
Q

if matter can not be separated by physical processes, what is it?

A

pure substance

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9
Q

what pure substance can be seperated by chemical processes

A

compound

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10
Q

what pure substance can not be seperated by chemical processes

A

element

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11
Q

pure substance definition

A

same physical and cheical properties all the way through. Can not be seperated by physical processes into simpler subtances

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12
Q

Can a pure substance be seperated by physical processes?

A

no

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13
Q

definition of mixture

A

composed of two or more substances. Can be broken down by physical processes

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14
Q

Law of Constant Composition

A

every sample of a compound contains the same amount (proportion) and same elements. Ex: H20, always twice as much O and H

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15
Q

atoms

A

smallest part of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element

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16
Q

molecule

A

collection of atoms, chemically bonded together and having constant proportion

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17
Q

chemical formula

A

uses symbols to show elements in a compound, and numerical subscripts to indicate the number of atoms present.

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18
Q

chemical reactions

A

show the transformation of one or more substances into other substances

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19
Q

chemical equations

A

uses chemical formulas to represent the substances involved

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20
Q

diatomic atoms

A

always shown in pairs (example: H and O)

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21
Q

examples of physical ways to separate parts of a mixture

A

filtration, distillation

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22
Q

filtration

A

separate a solid from a liquid by passing through a filter

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23
Q

distillation

A

separate a solid from a liquid by evaporation and condensation (make sea water into regular water)

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24
Q

intensive property and 4 examples

A

independent on the amount of stuff present. (color, hardness, concentration, density)

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25
Q

extensive property and 3 examples

A

Dependent on the amount of matter present. (mass, volume, amount of energy)

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26
Q

physical property and 8 examples

A

property of a substance that you can see without changing it chemically. (luster, hardness, color, odor, FP, MP, BP, density)

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27
Q

chemical property and 3 examples

A

must perform a chemical reaction (when one thing reacts with another). (heat of combustion, pH, reactivity with water)

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28
Q

3 physical properties of water

A

normally freezes at 0.0C, can be used to put out fires, cork floats/copper sinks (cork and copper’s density)

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29
Q

chemical property of water

A

during digestion, starch reacts with water to create sugar.

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30
Q

three things about a solid

A

definite shape and volume
well organized
not compressable

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31
Q

two things about a liquid

A

definite volume/indefinite shape

less organized

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32
Q

three things about a gas

A

no definite shape or volume
very disorganized
highly compressable

33
Q

sublimation

A

Solid to gas

34
Q

deposition

A

gas to solid

35
Q

solid to gas

A

sublimation

36
Q

gas to soild

A

deposition

37
Q

gas to liquid

A

condensation

38
Q

solid to liquid

A

melting

39
Q

liquid to gas

A

vaporization

40
Q

scientific method

A

method of acquiring knowledge through observation and experimentation

41
Q

hypothesis

A

(educated guess) - tentative and testable explanation of an observation (or multiple observations

42
Q

scientific theory

A

general explanation of widely observed phenomena that have been extensively tested

43
Q

scientific law

A

fundamental principal of science, often mathematical, just an observation

44
Q

fundamental principal of science, often mathematical, just an observation

A

scientific law

45
Q

general explanation of widely observed phenomena that have been extensively tested

A

scientific theory

46
Q

(educated guess) - tentative and testable explanation of an observation (or multiple observations

A

hypothesis

47
Q

method of acquiring knowledge through observation and experimentation

A

scientific method

48
Q

multiplication and division sig fig rule

A

answer should have same # of sig fig as number in problem with least sig fig

49
Q

addition and subtraction sig fig rule

A

answer should have same # of digits after decimal point as number in problem with least # of decimal points.

50
Q

mixed operations, what sig fig rule?

A

least number of sig fig in problem

51
Q

is density an intensive or extensive property

A

intensive

52
Q

is density a physical or chemical property

A

physical

53
Q

density equation

A

m/v

54
Q

volume units

A

g/mL or g/cm^3

55
Q

what two volume units are equal

A

mL and cm^3

56
Q

converting temperature (Kelvin)

A

K= C + 273.15

57
Q

converting temperature (F)

A

F=9/5 x C + 32

58
Q

who discovered atoms?

did people believe his theory?

A

Democrites

no

59
Q

who made a better definition of atoms?

what year?

A

John Dalton (1808)

60
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory (4 things)

A
  • elements are composed of extremely small portions (atoms)
  • atoms of a given element are identical (not true today)
  • compounds are composed of atoms of more than one element (ratios stay the same)
  • chemical reactions involve only the combination, separation, or rearrangement of atoms (NO CREATION OR DELETION OF ATOMS) (law of conservation of mass)
61
Q

atom

A

basic unit of an element that can enter chemical combination (at the time thought to be the smallest)

62
Q

electrons

A

electrically negative particles

63
Q

what is the smallest of the three subatomic particles

A

electrons

64
Q

radiation definition

A

transmission and emission of energy through space, in the form of waves

65
Q

who discovered X-Rays

A

Wilhelm Rontgen

66
Q

how did the person discover X-Rays

A

noticed glass and metal were emitting unusual rays (energy). They had no charge, and could not be deflected by a magnet.

67
Q

Who called the X-rays radioactivity

A

Marie Curie

68
Q

Who is Marie Curie

A

She called the X-rays radioactivity

69
Q

three things about x-rays

A

very high energy
emitted by electrons
slightly lower energy than gamma rays

70
Q

Who discovered fluorescence, and what is it?

A

Becquerel

fluorescence is the emission of light from a substance that has absorbed energy

71
Q

Marie Curie called fluorescence what?

A

a natural form of radiation

72
Q

What ways is radiation emitted?

A

Alpha rays, Beta rays, and Gamma rays

73
Q

Alpha charge and mass

A

+2 charge. mass = 4

74
Q

beta charge and mass

A

-1 charge. mass = 0

75
Q

gamma charge and mass

A

no charge, no mass

76
Q

Who invented the plum pudding model and what is it?

A

Thompson.

positively charged sphere with negatively charged particles.

77
Q

who invented the planetary model and what is it?

A

Rutherford.
(gold foil experiment)
he shot alpha (+) particles through gold foil and expected them to go straight through. Instead, some deflected = something positively charged and dense is in the middle (NUCLEUS)

78
Q

what did the planetary model find?

A

nucleus

79
Q

what did the plum pudding model find?

A

structure of an atom

Chemistry (7 decks)

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