Quiz 2 Flashcards
What are the 2 major killers of kids
infectious disease and malnutrition
What are the 2 major killers of kids
infectious disease and malnutrition
What is the #1 killer in the US?
accidents
Name some factors responsible for decline in child mortality
improved SES, improved public health services (water treatment), improved housing, vaccinations
What % of US pop is children (0-17 yo)?
24%
By 2020, about ____ of the American pop ages 0-17 is projected to be composed of children who are Hispanic, Asian, or of 2 or more races (mixed).
half
What are the injury related deaths by age?
1 in ___ children under 19 years old will be seen in ED for a non-fatal unintentional injury.
1 in 9
Children up to age ___ or ___ pounds must be properly restrained in a car safety seat.
Age 6 or 60 lbs
___% of 4th graders not proficient in reading.
66% - same number of 8th graders not proficient in math!
___% of 4th graders not proficient in reading.
66% - same number of 8th graders not proficient in math!
What is the #1 killer in the US?
accidents
Name some factors responsible for decline in child mortality
improved SES, improved public health services (water treatment), improved housing, vaccinations
What % of US pop is children (0-17 yo)?
24%
Contraindications for getting a vaccine
- severe anaphylaxis
- no live viral vaccines (MMR) for immunodeficient
- no pertussis containing vac for someone who dev encephalopathy within 7 days receiving pertussis containing vac
What are the injury related deaths by age?
1 in ___ children under 19 years old will be seen in ED for a non-fatal unintentional injury.
1 in 9
Children up to age ___ or ___ pounds must be properly restrained in a car safety seat.
Age 6 or 60 lbs
___% of kids in poverty.
23%
___% of 4th graders not proficient in reading.
66% - same number of 8th graders not proficient in math!
__% of kids in single parent families.
35%
___% of US kids have at least 1 of the 20 chronic health conditions,
43%
___% of overweight, obese and at risk for developmental delays.
54%
What is FOC?
basically head circumference
fronto-occipital circumference
Contraindications for getting a vaccine
- severe anaphylaxis
- no live viral vaccines (MMR) for immunodeficient
- no pertussis containing vac for someone who dev encephalopathy within 7 days receiving pertussis containing vac
Incidence of anaphylaxis to vaccine
- 65 cases per 1 million doses
* more likely to have anaphylaxis in response to PCN dose (1-5 per 10,000)
What illness?
Fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots, rash starts on face then moves downward to rest of body
Measles!
highly contagious - 4 days before and after rash
complications of measles
ear infections --> permanent hearing loss diarrhea pneumonia encephalitis death
SSPE (sub-sclerosing panencephalitis, 7 -10 years after)
When was the 2nd dose of the MMR vac started?
1990s
When do girls start going through puberty?
around 7.5 - 8 years old (breast and pubic hair development)
mean 10 - 11 yrs
When do boys start going through puberty?
8.5 years old
mean = 11- 12 years
hypothesis for earlier age of onset (puberty)?
better nutrition (more protein calories)
Critical mass theory - bigger people go through puberty earlier (childhood obesity)
What is the primary determinant of head size?
brain growth
85% of all pot-natal head growth happens in the first 18 months of life!
What is FOC?
basically head circumference
fronto-occipital circumference
What theory of mind category are 3-6 year olds in?
Appearance-reality distinction = do not understand the difference between how something appears to be and how it really is (cat in dog mask is now dog)
Height is an example of ___ inheritance.
polygenic
- quantitative traits = polygenic (additive)
Achondroplasia is due to mutation in _____.
FGFR-3
Gly380Arg change
(Hypochondroplasia = Asn540Glu, Tyr kinase)
Whats the difference between dwarfism and midget?
dwarf = disproportionate short stature
Midget = proportionate
Social status categories
Popular - most liked
- friendly, cooperative, joins groups easily
Rejected - most disliked
- Aggressive subtype = physically, verbally or relationally aggressive
- Withdrawn subtype = do not participate or cooperate, annoying
Controversial - very liked and very disliked
Average - moderately liked and disliked
Neglected - forgotten, ignored
causes of failure to thrive
reduced caloric intake
chronic illness
Define primordial short stature
normal weight to height/BMI
preoperational thought + 4 components
Ages 2-7
- children use mental representations for objects and events
4 components:
1. Intuitive thought = reasoning based on personal experience
2. Egocentrism = unable to take someone else’s perspective
3. Animism = inanimate objects have feelings
4. Artificialism = natural events are under people’s control
short acting insulin
lispo/aspart
Kohlberg’s moral understanding
Ages 3 -6 = Level 1, stage 1 or 2
Level 1 = preconventional moral reasoning
Stage 1 = punishment and obedience orientation
Stage 2 = individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange (e.g. follow the rules when it serves their own needs/interests, aware that other people have interests that may conflict w/ their own)
What theory of mind category are 3-6 year olds in?
Appearance-reality distinction = do not understand the difference between how something appears to be and how it really is (cat in dog mask is now dog)
Benefits of organized sports
Physical = strength, balance, coordination Social = teamwork, cooperation, sportsmanship Emotional = self-esteem, school success, positive body image
Positive outcomes of divorce
reduced conflict at home
closer relationships with parents
social responsibility, competence, and empathy
Negative outcomes of divorce
Behavioral = acting out
Psychological = parentification
Sleeper effect = some effects may not be evident until children are older (i.e. less likely to marry, more likley to divorce)
financial struggle
decline in quality and quantity of parenting
frequent moves
Social status categories
Popular - most liked
- friendly, cooperative, joins groups easily
Rejected - most disliked
- Aggressive subtype = physically, verbally or relationally aggressive
- Withdrawn subtype = do not participate or cooperate, annoying
Controversial - very liked and very disliked
Average - moderately liked and disliked
Neglected - forgotten, ignored
criteria for dx of diabetes
A1C > 6.5%
Fasting Glu > 126
2-h OGGT > 200
random glu > 200
HLA predisposing to diabetes
and protecive
predisposing = DR4-DQ8 and DR3-DQ2
protective = DR15-DQ6
long lasting insulin
glargine
sibling risk for DM-1
Risk is 6% if proband (index case) is less than 10 y/o,
3% if > 10.
Identical twins, 30-50%.
philadelphia chromosome
BCR-ABL t(9;22)
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
tx - Imatinib (targets Tyr kinase)
Formal operational thought
adolescence
- hypothetico-deductive reasoning
- pendulum problem
- abstract thought
- separation of reality from possibility
- combinational logic
- reflective thinking
Identity status
2 components of identity development = crisis and commitment
4 combinations:
- Achievement = crisis, commitment on own terms
- foreclosure = very little crisis, commitment (others ideas)
- moratorium = currently in crisis, vague commitments, struggling to commit
- diffusion = no crisis, lack of commitment, not concerned
Stage of homosexual identity
- sensitization = notice you’re different than other girls/boys your age
- identity confusion
- identity assumption
- commitment = dating someone of same sex and coming out of the closet
