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Packaging Science > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Three Pulping Methods

A

Mechanical
• Chemical
• Semi-mechanical

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2
Q

What is Mechanical Pulping

A

hi yield, beats & shortens fibers, reduces strength, used for low quality papers

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3
Q

What is Chemical Pulping

A

low yield, expensive, does not damage fibers, results in high quality papers

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4
Q

What is semi mechanical pulping

A

Blending of chemical and mechanical

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5
Q

Three types of paper making machinery

A

FourdrinierCylinder

Twin wire

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6
Q

Cylinder machinery

A

has definite layers or plies, low quality filler layers can be used to bulk up middle, and higher quality layers as liners, no limit to thickness

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7
Q

Twin wire machinery

A

dewatering takes place on both sides, produce single and multi-ply sheets with identical formation at both faces

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8
Q

Why are starches and gums added to up penetration

A

additives to improve the burst and tensile strength, stiffness and pick resistance

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9
Q

Why are wet strength resins added to pulp penetration

A

additives to improve wet tensile strength retention under high humidity or damp conditions

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10
Q

Surface or Dry-end Treatments and Coatings

A

Calendaring
Starch, modified rosins and waxes
Clay, calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide pigments

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11
Q

What is calendaring used for

A

after the paper is formed and dried it is passed thru multiple sets of heavy rolls to iron and smooth the surface

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12
Q

What are Starch, modified rosins and waxes used for

A

typical surface sizings to fill surface voids and reduce liquid penetration

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13
Q

What are Clay, calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide pigments used for

A

used to improve opacity, gloss, brightness, and printing detail requirements

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14
Q

Name 5 paper types

A 
Tissues
Label
Pouch
Newsprint
Clay coated
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15
Q

Name 5 paperboard grades

A 
Chipboard
Cardboard
News board
Bending chipboard
Lined chipboard
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16
Q

Name 3 paperboard packaging styles

A

Folding carton
Setup carton
Tubs

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17
Q

What is corrugated fiberboard

A

the most common distribution container material and the regular slotted container (RSC) is the workhorse of the corrugated box industry

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18
Q

What is RSC

A

Royal Society of chemistry

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19
Q

What are 3 examples of a folding carton

A

Pasta
Cereal box
Waffles

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20
Q

What is Fourdrinier machinery

A

Fourdrinier: limit to thickness of paper that can be produced

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21
Q

What Additives & sizings added to pulp preparation

A

Sizing agents & rosins
Starches & gums
Wet strength resins

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22
Q

Why are Sizing agents & rosins added to pulp preparation

A

additives to help control water & ink penetration

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23
Q

Brightness

A

measure of reflectance of white light (1 - 100) not a measure of color

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24
Q

Furnish

A

mixture of fibers, additives and water (also referred to as slurry)

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25
Q

Hydroscopic

A

gaining or losing moisture as a function of RH

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26
Q

Hydroexpansive

A

expanding or shrinking due to moisture change

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27
Q

Viscoelasticity

A

the apparent strength as a load is applied vs the creep

that paper fibers experience over time (static strength)

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28
Q

Machine Direction

A

the alignment of fibers in the direction of travel

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29
Q

Cross Direction

A

across the fibers

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30
Q

Mullens Burst Test

A

the pressure required to puncture a sheet of paper or paperboard

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31
Q

Edgewise Compression Test

A

judging the load-carrying capacity of the construction in terms of developed facing stress.

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32
Q

Flat Crush Test

A

Measure of the resistance of the flutes of a corrugated (fluted) board to the pressure applied perpendicularly to the surface,

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33
Q

What are the 4 types of metals used in packaging

A

Aluminum
Tin
Lead
Steel

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34
Q

Why is aluminum used

A

Most by volume

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35
Q

Why is steel used

A

Most by weight

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36
Q

Why is tin used

A

Used as a protective coating on cans

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37
Q

Why is lead used

A

Used for metal tubes

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38
Q

What are two types of cans

A

3 piece

2 piece

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39
Q

What is a 2 piece can

A

Made of steel or aluminum

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40
Q

What is a 3 piece can

A

made exclusively of steel, can body and two ends

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41
Q

What are 3 can styles

A

3 piece sanitary food can
Flat round can with slip cover
Aerosol can

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42
Q

What are 3 advantages of aluminum foil

A

Conducts heat
Recyclable
Dead fold

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43
Q

What are 3 disadvantages of aluminum foil

A

Easily torn
Pin holes
Cracks

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44
Q

What are three styles of glass containers

A

Jug
Jar Bottle
Bottle

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45
Q

What are the two types of trees

A

deciduous and evergreens

46
Q

What are 3 advantages of glass

A

Strong
Transparent
Reclosable

47
Q

What are 3 disadvantages to glass

A

Breakable
Weight
light permeation

48
Q

What are 3 glass colors

A 
Amber
Emerald
Blue
White
Red
49
Q

What are 3 styles of glass closures

A

Crown
Roll on
Lug

50
Q

What are the Purposes of Packaging?

A

contain, transport, protect/preserve, communicate

51
Q

What is the first definition of packaging?

A

One unit of a product, uniformly processed, wrapped or sealed in a container

52
Q

What is the second definition of packaging?

A

The preparation of goods for shipment and marketing. Marketing includes every aspect of distribution, storage and merchandising

53
Q

What are the 4 P’s in packaging

A

Price
Promotion
Place
Product

54
Q

What are some primitive packaging tools?

A

Skins, Bark, Leaves, Twigs

55
Q

What packaging was used in 6000 BC

A

Clay Pots, Fabricated Sacks, Baskets, Bags

56
Q

What happened in 1400BC

A

Pottery & Ceramics born (heat added, quite likely by accident)

57
Q

What happened between 1400 – 1850

A

Stoneware. Before refrigeration containers were needed to keep food cold for periods of time

58
Q

What is containing a package?

A

its physical form the products nature (toxic, perishable, fragile)

59
Q

What is transporting a package

A

Effective movement from point of production to point of consumption

60
Q

What is protecting a package

A

Refers to the prevention of physical damage

61
Q

What is preserving a package

A

Refers to stopping or inhibiting chemical and biological changes

62
Q

What to do when informing or selling

A

Messages required by law
Specific name of product, Quantity contained, Address of Manufacturer

Must appeal to the consumer
Selection of material, Shape and size, Color, Predominant typography, Recognizable symbols or icons, illustrations

63
Q

What are Utility of Use / Convenience Features

A

Some feature that aids in the use of the package/product. Something that makes the package fun or pleasant to use the product.

64
Q

What is Consumer Packaging

A

retail packages for foods, beverages, pharmaceuticals, hardware, personal care items, durables, toys, and cosmetics

65
Q

What is industrial packing

A

– distribution package for bulk food, machinery, chemicals, electronic devices

66
Q

What is military packing

A

key is preservation, for long term storage into hostile environments

67
Q

What is Hazardous Material Packaging

A

products which require special packaging and must meet requirements of rigorous performance testing

68
Q

What are raw materials companies

A

wood, sand, crude oil, metal mining

69
Q

What are material processing companies

A

wood to paper, sand to glass, crude oil to plastics, steel foundries, aluminum mills

70
Q

What are converters companies

A

enhances basic materials: converts materials to boxes, aluminum foil, print, laminate substrates together

71
Q

What are Demographics

A

a numerical count of how many people are in specific, easily quantifiable classifications. Derived from national census. Examples: gender, age, cultural background, marital status

72
Q

What are Psychographics

A

the study of how groups of people are motivated and how they behave. Examples: rednecks, yuppies, baby boomers, dinks

73
Q

What is packaging design

A

The graphic component that attracts and informs consumers and motivates a purchasing decision through decoration; form; material and shape

74
Q

What is the fundamental messages in packaging design

A

What is it? You have seven seconds to deliver this message to the consumer

What is it going to do for me? “The significant point of difference” or “The unique selling proposition”

Who guarantees that? Is the name and reputation of the maker. This can be the company name or the brand name

75
Q

Customer easily identifies products and companies by:

A

The company name itself, a brand name, a symbol, a typographic style, a color or color pattern, a shape

76
Q

What is a monomer

A

Individual structural unit

77
Q

What is a homopolymer

A

One type of a monomer

78
Q

What is a copolymer

A

Two different monomer

79
Q

What is a terpolymer

A

Containing three monomers

80
Q

What is Amorphous polymer

A

plastics that have a random arrangement of the polymer chains (in molten state all polymers are amorphous)

81
Q

What is a Crystalline polymer

A

plastics with high molecular regularity

82
Q

What is a Orientation

A

external force (physical stretching) that imparts higher degree of crystallinity to the cooling polymer

83
Q

What are the two major families of plastics

A

Thermosets

Thermoplastics

84
Q

What are Thermosets

A

molded into shapes under heat and pressure; do not melt with re-application of heat; adhesives, coatings, inks, some specialty closures

85
Q

What are Thermoplastics

A

resins are formed from long-chain organic polymers; formed into shapes by heat & pressure; will re-melt with re-application of heat; recyclable; most packaging plastics

86
Q

What are 3 shaping plastics

A

Extrusion
Oriented extrusion
Blown extrusion

87
Q

What are 3 types of plastic

A

Polyethylene
Polystyrene
Polyamides

88
Q

What are three types of Polyethylene

A

HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE

89
Q

What are flexible packaging laminates

A

Purpose is to combine the best of all properties – protection, aesthetics, machinability and cost , into a single packaging structure

90
Q

What are 3 bonding methods

A

Wet bonding
dry bonding
hot melt

91
Q

What is wet bonding

A

using solvent or water based adhesives

92
Q

What is dry bonding

A

drying solvent based adhesives to tacky, then applying pressure

93
Q

What is a hot melt

A

use of hot melt adhesive

94
Q

What is Extrusion or co-extrusion

A

using extruders to melt resin which is applied to substrate as a thin film, then using pressure to bring two webs together

95
Q

What 4 materials can plastic be classified in

A

physical
optical
chemical
PERMANENCE

96
Q

What is the physical plastic classification

A

or mechanical, properties that relate to a polymer’s strength and machinability

97
Q

What is the optical plastic classification

A

have to do with the appearance of the surface of the plastic, and are particularly important w/ films

98
Q

What is the chemical plastic classification

A

are the material’s resistance to grease, oils, soaps, acids, solvents, and other chemical agents; includes gas and water permeability

99
Q

What is the PERMANENCE plastic classification

A

relate to the film’s ability retain its strength and dimensions in varying environmental conditions; temp & RH

100
Q

What are 4 fragility factors of distribution packing

A

Compression
Shock
Vibration
Heat or Cold

101
Q

What are 4 environment factors of distribution packing

A

Handling
Storage
Transportation
Stacking

102
Q

What are THE GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR DEVELOPING ENVIRONMENTALLY ACCEPTABLE PACKAGING

A

Reuse
REDUCE
Recycle
recover

103
Q

What is reuse

A

where practical, packaging components should be reused

104
Q

What is reduce

A

design packaging to use the minimum amount of material consistent with fulfilling basic functions

105
Q

What is recycle

A

packaging should be collected and the materials recycled for further use

106
Q

What is recover

A

before consigning packaging to a landfill, some thought should be give to recovering some other value from the waste

107
Q

What are the four flute sizes for corrugated

A

ACBE

108
Q

Which flute size has the best cushioning

A

A

109
Q

Which flute size is the strongest

A

E

110
Q

What is an example of a carded package

A

batteries

111
Q

What is an example of a setup box

A

shoe box

112
Q

What makes up glass

A

sand, flint, spar

Packaging Science (1 decks)

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