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Rad Phys Quizzes > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the optimal kv range for cervical spine?

A

75 - 85 kv

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2
Q

What is the optimal kv range for AP thoracic?

A

75 - 85 kv

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3
Q

What is the optimal kv range for lateral thoracic?

A

85 - 95 kv

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4
Q

What is the optimal kv range for AP lumbar?

A

80 - 90 kv

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5
Q

What is the optimal kv range for lateral lumbar?

A

85 - 95 kv

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6
Q

What is the optimal kv range for AP full spine?

A

80 - 100 kv

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7
Q

What is the optimal kv range for pelvis/hip?

A

75 - 85 kv

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8
Q

What does MAs of xray control?

A

the density

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9
Q

What % of MAs makes 1st visible/slight change in density?

A

30%

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10
Q

What is the result of 50% MAs?

A

reduce the density by 1/2

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11
Q

What is the 50% reciprocal rule?

A

doubling the MAs will double the density of the film

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12
Q

If the film is too dark but you can see the structures, how would you adjust the MAs to correct the film?

A

use the 50% rule: 1/2 the MAs

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13
Q

If the film is too light but you can see the structures, how would you adjust the MAs to correct the film?

A

double the MAs

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14
Q

An increase in kV by 15% will have what result on the film?

A

2x the density

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15
Q

A decrease in kV by 15% will have what result of the film?

A

Cut the density in half

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16
Q

If a film is too dark, but you can still see the images, what kV rule should you apply?

A

15% decrease in kV

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17
Q

If a film is too light, but you can still see the images, what kV rule should you apply?

A

15% increase in kV

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18
Q

What is another name for a High Contrast image?

A

a Short Scale image

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19
Q

How would you describe the appearance of a short scale image?

A

A black and white image with a few shades of gray in between

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20
Q

What is another name for a Low Contrast image?

A

a Long Scale image

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21
Q

How would you describe the appearance of a long scale image?

A

lots of grays

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22
Q

If a film is too gray, but the density is good; how would you fix the image?

A

Decrease the kV 15% AND double the MAs

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23
Q

If a film doesn’t have enough gray, but the density is good; how would you fix the image?

A

increase the kV 15% AND cut MAs in 1/2

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24
Q

If the film is too dark and the structures are NOT visible; how would you fix the image?

A

Decrease the kV by 15% AND cut the MAs in half

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25
Q

If the film is too light and the structures are NOT visible; how would you fix the image?

A

Increase the kV by 15% AND double the MAs

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26
Q

What is the scale used in the image on the left?

What is the scale used in the image on the right?

A

Left: long scale (to fix: decrease kV by 15% AND double MAs)

Right: short scale (good)

27
Q

The top right imgae is ideal.

How do you get the top left image to look like the tip right?

A

Double the MAs OR increase the kV by 15%

28
Q

The top right image is ideal.

How do you get the bottom left image to look like the top right?

A

Cut MAs in 1/2 AND decrease kV by 15%

29
Q

The top right imgae is ideal.

How do you get the bottom right image to look like the top right?

A

decrease kV 15% AND double MAs

30
Q

What is wrong with the image on the left?

What is wrong with the image on the right?

A

Image on the left is underexposed.

Image on the right is long scale.

31
Q

What is wrong with the image on the left?

What is wrong with the image on the right?

A

Image on the left in overexposed

Image on the right is long scale

32
Q

How would you describe the appearance of the left image?

How would you describe the appearance of the right image?

A

Left is short scale (ideal)

Right is long scale

33
Q

What structure is seen in the image and why do we see it?

A

Earlobe

We see it because there is water and air causing a subject contrast

34
Q

What is seen on the C5 vertebral body and why do we see it?

A

Luschka joint osteophyte is seen.

We see it because double bone density is superimposed

35
Q

How would you fix this lateral lumbar?

A

Increase the kV by 15% AND double the MAs

36
Q

What scale of contrast is this film?

A

Long Scale

37
Q

How would you fix this film?

A

Decrease the kV 15% AND double the MAs

38
Q

How would you make the film on the right look like the film on the left?

A

increase the kV 15% OR double the MAs

39
Q

How would you fix this lateral lumbar?

A

Increase kV 15% OR double MAs

40
Q

How would you make the image on the left look like the image on the right?

A

Decrease the kV 15% AND double the MAs

41
Q

How would you correct this film?

A

Double the MAs OR increase kV 15%

42
Q

There is only a slight change in these films. What is the rule we use if we retake this film?

A

30% rule

The film on the left has 30% more MAs than the film on the right
(slightly more dense)

OR

The film on the right has 30% less MAs than the film on the left (slightly less dense)

43
Q

How would you adjust this film to see the lumbar spine or plevis?

A

Increase kV 15% AND double the MAs

44
Q

How would you cirrect this film?

A

Decrease kV 15% OR cut the MAs in 1/2

45
Q

What is the scale both films? How do we correct it, if necessary?

A

a) Short
b) long; decrease kV 15% AND double MAs

46
Q

What is this structure (seen ant aspect of lower cervicals) and what 2 densities make it up?

A

Cornu of thyroid cartilage; made up of water and calcium

47
Q

How do you correct the film on the left to look like the film on the right?

A

decrease the kV by 15% OR cut MAs in 1/2

48
Q

How would you correct this film?

A

Increase the kV 15% OR double the MAs

49
Q

If this image was taken at 80 kV, how would you correct the image?

A

Double the MAs if taken at 80 kV.

Optmial cervical kV is 75 - 85

50
Q

What is the dark mass on the ilia and what naural densitie make it up?

A

Gas/Air; made up of air

51
Q

How would you adjust this image to make it a good lateral lumbar?

A

decrease the kV 15% AND double the MAs

Side Note: Ideal kV for lateral lumbar is 85 - 95 kV

52
Q

What is the large black mass in the pelvic cavity and why do we see it?

A

Fecal matter surrounded by gas/air

We see it because there is water density contrasted by air

53
Q

How do we correct this film?

A

lower the film and either decrease the kv 15% OR cut MAs in 1/2

54
Q

What are these structures and why do we see them?

A

Rib cartilages

we see them because they contain water and natural metal

55
Q

What are the scales of these images and how do we fix them if necessary?

A

The film on the left is long scale; fix by decreaseing kV 15% AND doubling MAs

The film on the right is short scale

56
Q

What is the light spot and why do we see it?

A

Axial view of a penis seen due to an increase in volume

57
Q

What is the structure and why do we see it?

A

Ear cartilage

Seen because water density surrounded by air

58
Q

How would you fix film a to look like film b?

A

There is distortion due to diverging rays in film a; fix by using a cephalic tilt to look like film b.

59
Q

Why do we see the canal in C1?

A

Because of divergence

60
Q

One of these films is taken AP and one is PA.

Which is which and how do you know?

A

The film on the left is P-A

The film on the right is A-P

Known by looking at the heart.

61
Q

What is seen on the film and why do we see it?

A

Venous sinus is seen because of blood surrounded by calcium

62
Q

What is the white ball seen in the image and why do we see it?

A

Fecal matter is seen because of increased volume

63
Q

How would you correct this lateral cervical?

A

Decrease the kV 15% AND decrease MAs by 30%

Rad Phys Quizzes (3 decks)

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