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Medical Conditions > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Accomodation

A

process of adapting or adjusting one thing or set of things to another

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2
Q

Accreditation

A

process used to evaluate educational programs against set of standards that represent the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed for competent practice.

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3
Q

Active Assistive Range of Motion (AROM)

A

amount of motion at a given joint achieved by the person using his or her own muscle strength

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4
Q

Adaptive Device

A

special tool that is an adaption of a common item designed to allow an easier completion of self-care, recreation, or work-related activities by a person

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5
Q

Alexia

A

condition of being unable to read

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6
Q

Apraxia

A

inability to motor plan, execute purposeful movement, manipulate objects, or use objects appropriately

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7
Q

Certified Hand Therapist (CHT)

A

individual who has been certified by the Hand Therapy Certification Commission to practice in the area of hand rehabilitation

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8
Q

Chorea

A

abrupt irregular movements of short duration involving the fingers, hands, arms, face, tongue, or head

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9
Q

Client

A

person or persons (including those involved in the care of a client), group (collective of individuals ie. Families, workers, students, or community members), or population (collective of group or individuals living in a similar locale ie. City, state, or country sharing the same or like concerns)

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10
Q

Client-centered Rehabilitation

A

therapeutic orientation in which the therapist guides and supports the client in problem solving and goal achievement

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11
Q

Clinical Reasoning

A

process used by practitioners to plan, direct, perform, and reflect on client care or thinking that directs and guides clinical decision making; reflective thinking

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12
Q

Clonus

A

spasmodic alternation of contraction and relaxation of muscles

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13
Q

Confabulation

A

fabrication of facts that the individual cannot remember (no aware that they are fabricating them, thus not intentionally lying)

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14
Q

Dermatome

A

area on the surface of the skin that is served by one spinal segment

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15
Q

Disuse Atrophy

A

the wasting degeneration of muscle tissue that occurs as a result of inactivity or immobility

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16
Q

Dynamometer

A

device used to measure force produced from muscular contraction

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17
Q

Dysarthria

A

group of speech disorders resulting from disturbances in muscular control

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18
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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19
Q

Dysreflexia

A

a life-threatening uninhibited sympathetic response of the nervous system to a noxious stimulus, which is experienced by an individual with a spinal cord injury at T7 or above

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20
Q

Functional Mobility

A

moving from one position or place to another (during performance of everyday activities), such as in-bed mobility, wheelchair mobility, and transfers (wheelchair, bed, car, tub, toilet) aka performing functional ambulation and transporting objects

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21
Q

Functional Assessment

A

observation of motor performance and behavior to determine whether a person can adequately perform the required tasks of a particular role or setting

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22
Q

Generalization

A

observation of motor performance and behavior to determine whether a person can adequately perform the required tasks of a particular role or setting

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23
Q

Praxis

A

skilled purposeful movements, the ability to carry out sequential motor acts as part of an overall plan rather than individual acts; including following through a verbal command, visual spatial construction, ocular and oral-motor skills etc.

24
Q

Proprioception

A

awareness of posture, movement, and changes in equilibrium and the knowledge of position, weight, and resistance of objects in relation to the body

25
Q

Psychosocial

A

pertaining to interpersonal and social interactions that influence behavior and development

26
Q

Receptive Aphasia (Wernicke’s aphasia)

A

inability to comprehend written or spoken language

27
Q

Self-actualization

A

full humanness; the development of the inner nature of biological potential (destiny) of people

28
Q

Work hardening

A

type of treatment program that is graded work simulation to increase an individual’s productivity to an acceptable level to be able to function in a work environment

29
Q

Edema

A

accumulation of large amounts of fluid in the tissues or body cavities

30
Q

Endurance

A

sustaining cardiac, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal exertion over time

31
Q

Goniometer

A

instrument for measuring movement at a joint

32
Q

Gross coordination

A

using large muscle groups for controlled, goal-directed movements

33
Q

Hemianopsia

A

blindness in one half of the field of vision in one or both eyes

34
Q

Hemiparesis

A

weakness of the left or right side of the body

35
Q

Hemiplegia (hemi)

A

condition in which half of the body is paralyzed

36
Q

Hypermobility

A

condition of excessive motion in joints

37
Q

Hypertonus

A

muscular state wherein muscle tension is greater than desired; spasticity; increases resistance to passive stretch

38
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

concept of human development that proposes that people develop
in response to an inherent need for exploration and activity

39
Q

Isometric contraction

A

contract of a muscle during which shortening or lengthening is prevented

40
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

contraction of a muscle during which the force of resistance remains constant throughout the range of motion

41
Q

Kinesthesia

A

identifying the excursion and direction of joint movement; person’s sense of position, weight, and movement in space

42
Q

Managed care

A

integrated delivery systems, cost containment approach that enables the payer t o influence the delivery of health services prospectively

43
Q

Manipulative therapy

A

passive movement technique that can be classified into either joint manipulation or mobilization, manipulation is a sudden small thrust that is not under the patient’s control

44
Q

Motor coordination

A

functions that are traditionally defined as motoric, including gross motor, fine motor, and motor planning functions

45
Q

Muscle endurance

A

sustained muscular contraction, measured as repetitions of submaximal contraction (isotonic) or submaximal holding time (isometric)

46
Q

Muscle strength

A

nonspecific term relating to muscle contraction, often referring to the force generated by a single maximal isometric contraction

47
Q

Muscle tone

A

demonstrating a degree of tension or resistance in a muscle at rest in response to stretching, the amount of tension or contractibility among the motor units of a muscle

48
Q

Occupational science

A

interdisciplinary academic discipline in the social and behavioral sciences dedicated to the study of the form, the function, and the meaning of human occupations

49
Q

Overflow

A

clinical term for unwanted movement in a part of the body inappropriate to the action being performed

50
Q

Person-environment fit

A

degree to which individuals have adapted to their unique environments

51
Q

Sensory defensiveness

A

constellation of symptoms that are the result of adverse or defensive reactions to non-noxious stimuli across one or more sensory modalities

52
Q

Sensory integration (SI)

A

ability of the central nervous system to process sensory information to make an adaptive response to the environment

53
Q

Stereognosis

A

ability to identify sizes, shapes, and weights of familiar objects without he use of vision

54
Q

Tremor

A

involuntary shaking or trembling

55
Q

Universal precautions

A

an approach to infection control designed to prevent transmission of blood-borne diseases such as HIV and Hepatitis B; includes specific recommendations for use of gloves, protective eyewear and masks

56
Q

Vestibular

A

the sensory system that responds to head position and movement; coordinates eye, head, and body movements; ;and maintains posture and a stable visual field

Medical Conditions (2 decks)

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