Quiz 2 Flashcards
Two philosophers closely associated with utilitarianism are A) Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. B) Immanuel Kant and Jeremy Bentham. C) Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Rawls. D) John Stuart Mill and John Rawls. E) Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill.
A) Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.
Thomas Hobbes called life without rules and a means of enforcing them A) utopia. B) anarchy. C) democracy. D) the state of nature. E) communism.
D) the state of nature.
According to Kant, our sense of “ought to” is called A) dutifulness. B) insecurity. C) necessity. D) love. E) paranoia.
A) dutifulness.
An early proponent of the social contract was A) Jeremy Bentham. B) John Brown. C) Jean-Jacques Rousseau. D) Karl Marx. E) John Stuart Mill.
C) Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
A right that is guaranteed without exception is called a A) positive right. B) proverbial right. C) negative right. D) limited right. E) absolute right.
E) absolute right.
According to Kant, the moral value of an action depends upon
A) how closely it aligns with the law.
B) how closely it aligns with Biblical teachings.
C) the underlying moral rule.
D) its consequences.
E) the extent to which it produces happiness.
C) the underlying moral rule.
The divine command theory is an example of A) relativism. B) materialism. C) objectivism. D) existentialism. E) egoism.
C) objectivism.
According to the second formulation of the Categorical Imperative,
A) the moral worth of a person depends upon that person’s actions.
B) the moral worth of a person depends upon that person’s intentions.
C) it is wrong for one person to “use” another.
D) bad deeds should be punished.
E) one good turn deserves another.
C) it is wrong for one person to “use” another.
Objectivism is based on the idea that
A) morality and law are identical.
B) there are no universal moral principles.
C) God does not exist.
D) morality has an existence outside the human mind.
E) there is no such thing as free will.
D) morality has an existence outside the human mind.
Which of the following is an argument in favor of ethical egoism?
A) People are naturally altruistic.
B) The community can benefit when individuals put their well-being first.
C) Ethical egoism is supported by verses in the Bible.
D) Ethical egoism treats all persons as moral equals.
E) It is not true that people naturally act in their own long-term self-interest.
B) The community can benefit when individuals put their well-being first.
Which of the following is an argument in favor of the divine command theory?
A) The divine command theory is not based on reason.
B) God is all-knowing.
C) The Bible has contradictory moral teachings.
D) It is fallacious to equate “the good” with “God.”
E) Some moral problems are not addressed directly in scripture.
B) God is all-knowing.
The Principle of Utility is also called A) the Categorical Imperative. B) the Greatest Happiness Principle. C) the Ten Commandments. D) the Difference Principle. E) the Social Contract.
B) the Greatest Happiness Principle.
A relativist claims that
A) God does not exist.
B) morality and law are identical.
C) there is no such thing as free will.
D) there are no universal moral principles.
E) morality has an existence outside the human mind.
D) there are no universal moral principles.
Utilitarianism does not mean “the greatest good of the greatest number” because
A) All of these
B) it is impossible to maximize “the good” without ruining the environment.
C) it is impossible to calculate “the greatest good.”
D) it focuses solely on “the greatest good” and pays no attention to how “the good” is distributed.
E) some people have no moral worth.
D) it focuses solely on “the greatest good” and pays no attention to how “the good” is distributed.
An association of people organized under a system of rules designed to advance the good of its members over time is called a A) monopoly. B) constitution. C) government. D) business. E) society.
E) society.
