Quiz 2 Flashcards
Two philosophers closely associated with utilitarianism are A) Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. B) Immanuel Kant and Jeremy Bentham. C) Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Rawls. D) John Stuart Mill and John Rawls. E) Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill.
A) Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.
Thomas Hobbes called life without rules and a means of enforcing them A) utopia. B) anarchy. C) democracy. D) the state of nature. E) communism.
D) the state of nature.
According to Kant, our sense of “ought to” is called A) dutifulness. B) insecurity. C) necessity. D) love. E) paranoia.
A) dutifulness.
An early proponent of the social contract was A) Jeremy Bentham. B) John Brown. C) Jean-Jacques Rousseau. D) Karl Marx. E) John Stuart Mill.
C) Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
A right that is guaranteed without exception is called a A) positive right. B) proverbial right. C) negative right. D) limited right. E) absolute right.
E) absolute right.
According to Kant, the moral value of an action depends upon
A) how closely it aligns with the law.
B) how closely it aligns with Biblical teachings.
C) the underlying moral rule.
D) its consequences.
E) the extent to which it produces happiness.
C) the underlying moral rule.
The divine command theory is an example of A) relativism. B) materialism. C) objectivism. D) existentialism. E) egoism.
C) objectivism.
According to the second formulation of the Categorical Imperative,
A) the moral worth of a person depends upon that person’s actions.
B) the moral worth of a person depends upon that person’s intentions.
C) it is wrong for one person to “use” another.
D) bad deeds should be punished.
E) one good turn deserves another.
C) it is wrong for one person to “use” another.
Objectivism is based on the idea that
A) morality and law are identical.
B) there are no universal moral principles.
C) God does not exist.
D) morality has an existence outside the human mind.
E) there is no such thing as free will.
D) morality has an existence outside the human mind.
Which of the following is an argument in favor of ethical egoism?
A) People are naturally altruistic.
B) The community can benefit when individuals put their well-being first.
C) Ethical egoism is supported by verses in the Bible.
D) Ethical egoism treats all persons as moral equals.
E) It is not true that people naturally act in their own long-term self-interest.
B) The community can benefit when individuals put their well-being first.
Which of the following is an argument in favor of the divine command theory?
A) The divine command theory is not based on reason.
B) God is all-knowing.
C) The Bible has contradictory moral teachings.
D) It is fallacious to equate “the good” with “God.”
E) Some moral problems are not addressed directly in scripture.
B) God is all-knowing.
The Principle of Utility is also called A) the Categorical Imperative. B) the Greatest Happiness Principle. C) the Ten Commandments. D) the Difference Principle. E) the Social Contract.
B) the Greatest Happiness Principle.
A relativist claims that
A) God does not exist.
B) morality and law are identical.
C) there is no such thing as free will.
D) there are no universal moral principles.
E) morality has an existence outside the human mind.
D) there are no universal moral principles.
Utilitarianism does not mean “the greatest good of the greatest number” because
A) All of these
B) it is impossible to maximize “the good” without ruining the environment.
C) it is impossible to calculate “the greatest good.”
D) it focuses solely on “the greatest good” and pays no attention to how “the good” is distributed.
E) some people have no moral worth.
D) it focuses solely on “the greatest good” and pays no attention to how “the good” is distributed.
An association of people organized under a system of rules designed to advance the good of its members over time is called a A) monopoly. B) constitution. C) government. D) business. E) society.
E) society.
Ethical egoism is
A) utilitarianism by another name.
B) not based on reason or logic.
C) Kantianism by another name.
D) the divine command theory by another name.
E) based on determining long-term beneficial consequences.
E) based on determining long-term beneficial consequences.
A right that another can guarantee by leaving you alone to exercise the right is called a A) limited right. B) proverbial right. C) positive right. D) absolute right. E) negative right.
E) negative right.
Ethics is
A) All of these
B) a branch of philosophy.
C) one way to determine which activities are “good” and which are “bad.”
D) a field of study more than 2,000 years old.
E) a rational examination of people’s moral beliefs.
A) All of these
According to James Moor, taking “the ethical point of view” means
A) abiding by your religious beliefs.
B) putting your own self interests above those of everyone else.
C) choosing to sacrifice your own good for the good of someone else.
D) deciding that other people and their core values are worthy of your respect.
E) refusing to accept help from other people.
D) deciding that other people and their core values are worthy of your respect.
The idea that social and economic inequalities must be to the greatest benefit of the least-advantaged members of society is called A) the difference principle. B) capitalism. C) utilitarianism. D) communism. E) socialism.
A) the difference principle.
Utilitarianism is an example of A) a non-consequentialist theory. B) a relativistic theory. C) a consequentialist theory. D) the social contract theory. E) a practical implementation of the divine command theory.
C) a consequentialist theory.
The problem of moral luck is raised as a criticism of A) act utilitarianism. B) the divine command theory. C) Kantianism. D) rule utilitarianism. E) cultural relativism.
A) act utilitarianism.
Rules of conduct describing what people ought and ought not to do in various situations are called A) philosophy. B) ethics. C) morality. D) virtues. E) ideals.
C) morality.
