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Bio 110 Quiz 2 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Blending Inheritance

A

Darwin. 2 traits blend in reproduction. Not good because it limits variability.

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2
Q

Gregor Mendal

A

Pea Plant genetics & punnet squares. Based on alleles passed from parents to offspring.

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3
Q

Particulate Model of Inheritance

A 
Each parent transmits 1 copy
Kid receives 2 copies
Each copy is an allele
Dominant alleles can mask recessive alleles
Segregation
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4
Q

Segregation

A

Copies segregate at the point of reproduction at random.

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5
Q

Alelles

A

Variants of a gene (P,p)

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6
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic Makeup of an individual (PP, Pp, pp)

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7
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical traits of organisms (purple, white)

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8
Q

PP, pp

A

Homozygote

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9
Q

Pp

A

Heterozygote

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10
Q

Codominance

A

Neither allele is masked

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11
Q

DNA

A 
Replicable (Can make copies of itself)
Store information
Vary by mutation
*Hereditary
Phosphorus, No sulfer
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12
Q

Miosis

A

Making of sex cells

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13
Q

Mitosis

A

Making new body cells

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14
Q

How do you make new cells?

A

Mitosis or Miosis

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15
Q

Who are the 2 guys that matter to DNA?

A

Marth Chase & Alfred Hershey

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16
Q

Protien

A

Sulfur, No phophorus

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17
Q

Rosalind Franklin

A

Discovered the double helix of DNA through xray crystalorgaphy but some fuck face stole it.

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18
Q

DNA Backbone

A

Sugar phosphate (carbohydrate) this is the ribbon part

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19
Q

DNA Base

A

Nitrogenous (AGCT)

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20
Q

A&T

A

2 bonds

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21
Q

G&C

A

3 bonds (more stable)

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22
Q

WHAT DO YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE DNA REPLICATION PROCESS?!?

A 
DNA
(transcription)
RNA
(translation)
Amino Acid
Protein- Phenotype
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23
Q

Transcription

A

DNA changed to RNA (U’s not T’s)

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24
Q

Translation

A

RNA turns into proteins by using three bases to find the correct amino acids

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25
Q

Virus

A

DNA/RNA in the middle with a protein structure. Reproduces by forcing cells in an organism to make copies of it.

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26
Q

HIV

A

Targets T Cells in immune system. Poops RNA into T-cells and then they copy and continue out back into the body. Made a primate to human transfer twice.

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27
Q

AZT

A

First treatment for HIV. Disruption the process of transcription and translation in Tcells

28
Q

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

A

Variety in the populations

29
Q

Polymerase Chain Reaction

A

Isolates a small part of the genome

30
Q

PCR Recipe

A

Buffer & Water (creates solution)
DNTP’s (ATCG)
Primers (short DNA strands that open the DNA)
DNA Temprate (While sequence of your DNA)
TAQ Polymerase (Enzyme adds nucleotide to DNA strand)

31
Q

Restriction Enzyme

A

Cuts somewhere in the DNA sequence depending on alleles.

32
Q

PCR

A

Denaturation
Amealing
Extension

33
Q

Denaturation

A

Takes a double stranded DNA to a single stranded DNA by splitting through heat (95 degrees)

34
Q

Amealing

A

Allows DNA to reform. (Opposite of denaturation) (40-65)

35
Q

Extension

A

Adds nucleotides to the strand and repeat this 35 times.

36
Q

Bacteria Reproduction

A

Fission (Asexual)

37
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Everything except bacteria & arches. Have a true nucleus

• Nucleus contains entire genome

38
Q

Mitochrodria

A

Powerhouse of the cell.

39
Q

Plants

A

Have buds and roots

have a haploid multicellular stage

40
Q

Why did plants colonize land?

A

Sun, nutrients, and fewer enemies.

41
Q

Plant Colonization benefits

A

Sunlight

concentrated nutrients

42
Q

Plants Colonization cons

A

The land sucks
The land isn’t as wet
Can’t find structure (Need structure from other physical objects or a network of roots.)

43
Q

Zoom in from Person

A

Person- made of cells- cells have nucleus- contains the genome- chromosomes- DNA- function of Dan is to code protein.

44
Q

How do you MAKE DNA?

A

DNA replication - unzip the double strand

45
Q

What’s the FUNCTION of DNA?

A

To make proteins through transcription and translation.

46
Q

Bacteria

A

Not mono phyletic because prokaryotes include archea which are more closely related to eucarya than procaria

47
Q

Virus Tech & GMO Tech

A

Plasma takes up DNA & bacteria picks up that plasma. Bacteria then make zHella Copies of itself.

The DNA transcript/lates into protein with resistant traits.

48
Q

Electrophoresis

A

Increases the permeability

49
Q

Phylogenetics

A

Forming and testing hypothesis of evolutionary relationships among species.

50
Q

Phylogenetic trees

A

Show evolutionary links

Should be parsimonious

51
Q

Parsimony

A

Best tree requires fewer changes

52
Q

Applications of Phylogenetics

A

Crime and Law
• Can use to predict flu à make flu shot
• Can use to predict flu à make flu shot

53
Q

Adaptive radiation

A

Rapid diversification in novel ecological roles

• Single ancestor diversifies into array of new species

54
Q

Fire Behavior Triangle

A

Weather- wind, temperature, humidity, precipitation
Topography- slope or flat
Fuels- fine/heavy, moisture, continuous

55
Q

PCR Lab Week 1

A

PRC-DAE

Made millions of copies of the taste region we wanted to isolate

56
Q

PCR Lab Week 2

A

Restriction enzyme cut sections for tasters and didn’t cut for non taster alleles

57
Q

PCR Lab Week 3

A

Electrophoresis
o Applying electricity to move DNA across a medium
o DNA is negatively charged so it moves from negative to positive
o Large pieces more slow and small move faster

58
Q

Exotoxins

A

Bad bacteria 1. proteins secreted by bacteria

59
Q

Endotoxins

A

Bad bacteria 2. released when cells die

60
Q

Animals

A
  • Multicellular heterotrophs (don’t make own food)- feed by ingestion and digestion
  • No cell walls
  • Have collagen- forms strong fibers in connective tissue and bone
  • Most have muscles and nerves
  • Diploid dominant
  • Usually sexually reproduction
61
Q

Bloom on Fish

A

Littler pufferfish is the best fish, stinging catfish is the worst fish

62
Q

Fish

A

• Have a head
Vertebrate
• Heart, blood with hemoglobin (to move nutrients), kidneys (to remove waste)
• Paraphyletic

63
Q

Fish jaws

A

develop from gill arches- part of gill

Lamprey has no jaw

64
Q

Candiru- scariest fish

A
  • parasitic small catfish
  • attracted to ammonia coming form fish gills- byproduct of breathing
  • swim up and implant into gills of other fish
65
Q

Arthropods

A
  • open circulatory system
  • segmented body plan
  • 5 walking leg pairs – 4 for swimming
66
Q

Why are insects diverse?

A
  • Co evolve with plants
  • Diverse mouths
  • Colonize land
  • Evolution of flight
  • Internal fertilization
  • Complex social systems
  • Very old
67
Q

• Archaea

A

Type of Bacteria
o Don’t know a lot
o X-treme conditions

Bio 110 Quiz 2 (1 decks)

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