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Clinical Psychology - Human Development > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

How many neurons do we have at birth?

A

At birth, most neurons the brain will have are present… approx. 100 billion neurons

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1
Q

What is Bronfenbrenner’s PPCT MODEL?

A

Bronfenbrenner criticized himself for discounting the role the individual plays in development. Thus, he created PPCT:
•Person
•Process
•Context
•Time
This differed from Ecological Systems Theory in that it included more emphasis on the role of the person and the process

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2
Q

At what age is our brain 80% adult sized?

Also, what cells continue to grow and how many neuron connections will humans have by age 3?

A

By age 2 years, brain is 80% of adult size

Other brain cells (like glia) continue to grow

New neuron connections = ~1000 trillion connections

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3
Q

Brain development is… EPIGENETIC!

What does epigenetic mean?

A

The study of the factors that determine how much or whether some genes are expressed in your body.

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4
Q

What is the order of fetal development?

A

Zygote
Embryo
Fetus

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5
Q

How long is the zygote stage?

A

2 weeks

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6
Q

How long is the embryonic phase?

A

6 weeks

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7
Q

How long is the fetal stage?

A

30 weeks

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8
Q

What happens during the zygote stage?

A

●Fertilization
●Implantation
●Start of placenta

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9
Q

What happens during the embryonic stage?

A

Groundwork laid for all body structures and internal organs

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10
Q

What (overall) happens during the fetal stage?

A

“Growth and finishing” phase

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11
Q

What happens to the fetus during the 1st trimester?

A
  • organs, muscles, and nervous system start to become organized and connected
  • lungs begin to expand and contract
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12
Q

What happens to the fetus during the second trimester?

A
  • many organs are well-developed by 20 weeks

* most of the brain’s neurons are in place

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13
Q

What happens to the fetus during the third trimester?

A
  • age of viability: 22–26 weeks

* fetus takes on beginnings of personality

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14
Q

What are the stages of pregnancy?

A

1) Dilation and effacement of the cervix
2) Delivery of the baby
3) Delivery of the placenta

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15
Q

How does the baby adapt and survive the process of birth?

A

High levels of stress hormones help baby withstand oxygen deprivation
and prepare baby to breathe and arouse infant into alertness

16
Q

What are the reflexes that newborns have?

A
  • Eye blink
  • Rooting
  • Sucking
  • Moro
  • Palmar grasp
  • Tonic neck
  • Stepping
  • Babinski
17
Q

What is rooting?

A

Turn head toward anything that strokes the cheek/mouth

18
Q

What is Moro?

A

Arms fling out sideways with palms up and thumbs flexed

19
Q

What is Babinski reflex?

A

Fanning of the toes when the bottom of foot is stroked

20
Q

What is the Tonic neck reflex?

A

Extremities on the side that the head is turned will extend while opposite side extremities flex

21
Q

What is the Palmar Grasp reflex?

A

When an object is placed in infant palm, their fingers close and grasp the object

22
Q

What does pain do to the infant, and how can that pain be consoled?

A

Pain overwhelms the nervous system with stress hormones

Can be relieved with local anesthesia, sugar solution, or physical touch

23
Q

Describe the taste preferences an infant has at birth…

A

Infants have a preference for sweet tastes

at birth and they can readily learn to like new tastes

24
Q

How good is an infant’s hearing at birth?

A

Infants can hear a wide variety of sounds
They prefer complex sounds to pure tones
They also can distinguish between a variety of sound patterns when only a few days old
They choose to listen longer to human speech than to nonspeech sounds
They can detect the sounds of any human language

25
Q

What are things an infant can identify by smell?

A

Infants have odor preferences at birth and can locate odors and identify mother by smell from birth

26
Q

What hormones do parents have that facilitate care taking?

A
  • oxytocin
  • prolactin
  • estrogens

Clinical Psychology - Human Development (2 decks)

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