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Vector Borne Disease Quiz 2 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Chagas’ Disease Pathogen

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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2
Q

Sleeping sickness pathogen

A

Trypanosoma bruceii gambienese (chronic) and bruceii rhodensiene (acute)

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3
Q

Chagas’ Disease vector

A

Triatomine bug

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4
Q

Chagas’ Disease transmissions

A
  • MOTHER TO CHILD
  • Triatomine bug feces
  • sexual
  • blood transfusion
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5
Q

Sleeping sickness vector

A

Tsetse fly aka glossina flies (g. palpalis, g.tachinoides, g.fuscipides, g. morsitans)

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6
Q

Sleeping sickness transmissions

A

Blood sucking flies

MOTHER TO CHILD

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7
Q

Sleeping sickness phases

A

Hemolymphatic and Neural (after xing blood-brain barrier)
Flu-like, Winterbottom’s sign, Kerandals sign
“Sleeping” coma last part & neural

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8
Q

What is Winterbottoms sign?

A

Enlarged cervical lymph nodes (sleeping sickness)

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9
Q

What is Kerandal’s sign?

A

delayed sensitivity to pain in bony areas (sleeping sickness)

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10
Q

Glossina palpalis/ g. morsitans characteristics (meals, sexual, eggs etc)

A

Both m & f take blood meals
Rest during day on plants, @ night on upper side of leaves
NO EGGS- LIVE LARVA that burrow into ground 4-5 wks
Yellow/brown flies
Hatchet design on wings that fold like scizzors
Saliva has analgesic properties
Forward facing proboscis

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11
Q

Sleeping sickness treatment

A

Antibx, insecticides for environment

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12
Q

Triatomine characteristics

A

Bites around person’s mouth (Kiss of Death), deposit feces into broken skin only,
Latin America
Found in dilapidated, under developed homes

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13
Q

Chagas tx

A

antibx (benzidazole, infurtimox) improve housing situations

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14
Q

Latin American country declared Chagas Free and when

A

Uruguay 1997

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15
Q

Type of pathogen in trypanosomiasis

A

Parasite

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16
Q

Type of pathogen in Onchocerciasis

A

Filarial worm

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17
Q

Pathogen of onchocerciasis

A

onchocerciasis volvus

NO OTHER RESERVOIR- can be Eradicated

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18
Q

Vector of oncho

A

black fly (simulium damnosum (90%) and S.neavi) (S. onchraceum & S. metallicum in South america)

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19
Q

Symptoms of Chagas

A

Parasitic nodules around heart & GI muscle, pts die of problems with these

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20
Q

Black Fly characteristics

A

FEMALES ONLY BITE IN DAYTIME (generally early morning and late afternoon)

REPRODUCE IN FAST-FLOWING WATER

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21
Q

Onchocerciasis symptoms

A

Nodules full of microfliariae
Corneal scratching from inverted eyelashes -> over time, blindness
Rashes (tiger skin)

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22
Q

Oncho control and tx

A

Ivermectin 1-2x per year kills microfilariae
Build sluices on dams so consistent fast water flow
Antibx can affect the ivermectin

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23
Q

Lymphatic Filiariasis pathogen

A

Nematodes (Wucherechia bancrofti generally, Brugia malayi for Asia/Philippines, burgia timori in Indonesia)

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24
Q

Lymphatic Filiariasis vector

A

Lots of mosquitoes: Anopheles most common, Culex quinquefasciatus in americas

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25
Q

LF symptoms

A

Severe Edema, particularly in testicles, breasts or legs
4 phases:
1. asymptomatic (no babies in blood)
2. asymptomatic (babies in blood)
3. adults in lymph
4. obstructive lesions
Lymphedema -> skin infections, lowered immune responses

26
Q

Cycle of LF transmission

A

requires 100s of bites, ever increasing amts of microfilariae until threshold

27
Q

LF vector characteristics

A

day biters, breed in still water

28
Q

LF tx

A

Albendazole and Diethyl carbamizaine (DEC) or ivermectin 1x per year. Only kills adult nematodes, must wait for current babies to grow up and die

29
Q

Malaria pathogen type

A

parasite

30
Q

Malaria pathogens

A 
Plasmodium falciparum (most deadly)
P. vivax (most common and mild, stays dormant for yrs)
P. malariae
P. ovale
P. knowlesi
31
Q

Malaria vector

A

Female Anopheles only

32
Q

Malaria vector characteristics

A

Lay Eggs in “flower shape” instead of raft
stand with head down (angled)
Female needs blood meal to fertilize eggs- stores sperm

33
Q

Malaria symptoms

A

parasites fillup red blood cells until lysing, burst quartidian (every 4 days) -> fever

34
Q

Malaria tx

A

sanitation
bed nets
hydrochloroquinine

35
Q

Erlichiosis pathogen type

A

BACTERIA

36
Q

Erlichioisis pathogen

A

HME: Erlichia chafeensis
HGE: Anaplasma phagocytophilium

Ewingii in dogs-rarely in humans

37
Q

Erlichiosis vector

A

Lone Star Tick (Amblyomma americanum) or Brown Deer Tick

(rhipicephalus sanguineus) and Ixodides

38
Q

Erlichiosis symptoms

A

Muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, chills, confusion, cough, mild fever

39
Q

Erlichiosis reservoirs

A

White tail deer, white footed mice

40
Q

Erlichiosis tx

A

Doxycycline, DEET to skin, reduce white tail deer population

41
Q

Rocky Mtn Spotted Fever pathogen type

A

bacteria

42
Q

RMSF pathogen

A

rickettsia rickettsii

43
Q

RMSF vectors

A

types- American Dog Tick (dermacentor variabilis), Rocky Mtn wood tick (dermacentor andersoni), Brown Dog Tick (rhipicephalus sanguineus), (Amblyomma cajennese). 24 hours attachment needed for transmission

44
Q

RMSF symptoms

A

spotted skin rash, flu-like symptoms

45
Q

RMSF transmission

A

24 hours of attachment for transmission, in feces (?)

46
Q

RMSF tx

A

2 wks doxycycline

47
Q

RMSF reservoirs

A

dogs, deer

48
Q

Lyme disease pathogen type

A

spirochete bacteria

49
Q

Lyme disease pathogen

A

Burrelia burgdorferi (spirochete bacteria), B. garinii, B. afzelli

50
Q

Lyme disease vector

A

NYMPH Ixodidae ticks

51
Q

Lyme disease characteristic symptoms

A 
Erythema migrans (bulls eye rash)
Flu-like symptoms
Bells palsy
meningitis
Joint swelling
52
Q

Lyme disease vector characteristics

A

NYMPH of ixodides
Must attach 36-48 hours
Transfer disease through saliva

53
Q

Lyme disease tx

A

antibx, can have issues post-treatment

54
Q

Chikungunya pathogen type

A

alphavirus

55
Q

chikungunya pathogen

A

Chikungunya Virus- alphavirus from togaviridae, ssRNA

Replicates in fibroblasts, skeletal muscle cells

56
Q

Chik vector

A

Aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus (DAY BITERS) same as dengue and yellow fever

57
Q

Chik epi

A

found in Tanzania originally, 1st in St. Martin October 2013, Florida locally acquired (only state in US local so far), Colombia in Sept 2014

58
Q

Chikungunya transmission

A

blood via mosquitoes, MOTHER TO CHILD

59
Q

Chik symptoms

A

poor feeding, lethargy, meningoencephalitis, distal edema, vesiculobulous lesions (macropapular rash)

Acute: 3-7 days after transmission- Fever, severe joint pain,swelling, conjunctivitis, lasts 3-10 days

Chronic: relapses of joint pain, Raynaud’s (blue cold fingers), fatigue. Months to years

60
Q

Chik tx

A

palliative, no care

Vector Borne Disease Quiz 2 (1 decks)

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