Quiz 2/27 Flashcards
Ad Hominen
Rejecting an argument based on a person’s habits, personality, morals, or character
Red Herring
Introducing an irrelevant topic to distract from the actual argument
Bandwagon
Arguing that something is true simply because most people believe it
Slippery Slope
Arguing that one action will definitely lead to something drastically worse, without sufficient evidence
Straw Man
A person simply ignores a person’s actual position and substitutes a distorted, exaggerated, or misinterpreted version of that position
Hasty Generalization
Making a claim about a large population based on very little evidence
Begging the Question
An argument is assumed to be true with no evidence other than the argument itself
Appeal to Authority
The belief that an argument is true because it is made by someone perceived to have authority
Double Standard
Judging situations by different standards, instead of using the same standards for all
Burden of Proof
Assuming that an argument is false or invalid because it has not been proven
Adjectives
Descriptive words used to add emphasis to create an emotional response
Alliteration
The repetition of initial consonant sounds in order to emphasize certain words and make them more memorable
Anecdotes
Short personal stories used to connect with the audience and add evidence or credibility to an argument
Assertion
When an idea is presented as fact without full explanation or evidence; it is used to assert authority and make claims sound factual
Attacks
When a speaker/writer addresses an opposing view or speaker and attacks their argument or character
Bias
The presentation of only one side of an issue or viewpoint and is used to subjectively influence an audience
Connotation
The ideas or feelings that a certain word invokes and is used to create certain emotional responses in an audience
Credibility (Ethos)
The establishment of authority and reliability, and is used to gain the confidence and trust of the audience
Emotion (Pathos)
Feelings accentuated by experiencing love hate, fear etc. An appeal to emotion is used to engage with an audience and create an emotional response
Exaggeration
The representation of something as greater than is actually the case and is used to grab the attention of the audience and emphasize certain points
Evidence
The facts or information that indicate whether a view is true or valid and is used to give weight to an argument or belief
Figurative Language
Used to create imagery and express things non-literally; it can help to make an idea more emotive, vivid, and convincing
Generalization
The inference that a claim is true for most people or a majority and is used to speak to prevailing beliefs or prejudices of an audience
Rule of Three
When groups of 3 adjectives or phrases are used to make ideas memorable
Jargon
Special words or expressions used by a profession or certain groups; it is used to signal expertise and establish credibility
Loaded Words
Words charged with an underlying meaning or implication and are used to produce emotion in an audience
Pronouns
Words that take the place of nouns and are used to create a sense of unity with an audience or distance from a common enemy
Reason (Logos)
The power of the mind to think and form judgments logically; it is used to appeal to the rationality of an audience
Repetition
The reoccurrence of certain words or phrases and it is used to emphasize certain ideas, and make them more memorable
Rhetorical Questions
Statements which are voiced as questions but are not expected to be answered; they are used to imply certain answers and draw audiences to certain conclusions
