Quiz 2: 2 Flashcards
Parts of the shoe
- last
- outsole
- midsole
- toe box
important components of the toe box
- islets
- laces
Should the first row of the laces be above or below the islets?
above
Why should the first row be above the islets?
less force placed on the foot at the level of toe break
Why should runners turn their socks inside out?
eliminate pressure points due to the seam
What type of orthotic would someone with a supinated foot need?
soft orthosis
Why would someone with a supinated foot need a soft orthosis?
need cushion to prevent excess stress and fx’s
What type of orthosis is needed for pes planus?
rigid
Why a rigid orthosis for pes planus?
need external support to help put foot into optimal alignment
What is the purpose of the Ottawa Ankle rules?
determine if radiographs are necessary
What are the Ottawa Ankle rules?
- Find out MOI and gauge pt’s ability to bear weight within the first hour of injury
- Begin palpation in neutral site (forefoot)
- Palpate for bone tenderness
- Posterior edge of malleoli
- 5th metatarsal (prox tip to base)
- navicular
- distal 6 cm of fibula
- When bone tenderness is absent, have the pt take 4 steps, 2 with each foot. If they can’t do it, refer for radiograph
- Have pt seek f/u care if pain doesn’t decrease and WB doesn’t increase after 5-7 days
What is the first line of defense to correct/resist abnormal mechanics during walking/running/activities?
proper footwear
List 5 “diagnoses” that might require orthotic intervention
- PF
- ITB syndrome
- tibial stress syndrome
- Morton’s neuroma
- metatarsalgia
Where do you look on a shoe to see the wear pattern?
outsole
What is the normal wear pattern of the shoe?
PL to AM
What are 5 variables you can change to make balance exercises easier/harder?
- EO/EC
- regular stance/tandem
- SL/DL
- even/uneven surface
- steady/add perturbations
What would you expect to see during a negative Windlass test?
arch elevates
How do you measure LLD in standing?
ASIS to medial malleolus
Why should we measure LLD in standing vs unloaded?
- WB gives you info applicable to function
- unloaded doesn’t take into account recurvatum etc
Is a LLD more impactful in the sedentary or active population?
- active
- performing more impact activities that are altered with LLD, whereas sedentary individuals don’t
In OKC, what are the arthrokinematics of the talocrural (ankle) jt?
convex on concave
In CKC, what are the arthrokinematics of the talocrural (ankle) joint?
concave on convex
Greater than 10 mm difference on Navicular drop test indicates
pronated foot
When using the longitudinal arch angle test, what goniometric measurement is considered to be normal?
130-150˚
What are the major landmarks used when measuring figure 8 anthropometrics?
- anterior tib tendon
- navicular tubercle
- plantar surface of foot
- cuboid groove
- back to anterior tib tendon
- distal to medial malleolus
- proximal to calcaneal dome
- distal to lateral malleolus
- back to anterior tib tendon
What is the taping procedure to help with arch support?
Low dye taping
What common dx is low dye taping used for?
PF
What is the procedure for 1st ray mobility testing?
- long sitting
- stabilize rays 2-5 with 1 hand and grasp 1st ray using the other
- apply pressure in dorsal/plantar directions
What should 1st ray mobility testing look like?
passive mobility should be a 1:1 ratio
1st ray mobility: (+) finding
more mobility in plantar compared to dorsal direction
1st ray mobility: implication of (+) finding
- compensation for forefoot varus
- for the foot to reach the ground, it has to go farther than if it was in neutral
What is the maximum internal shoe lift that can be used?1
1/2 inch
What is the closed packed position of the ankle?
max DF
What is the loose packed position of the ankle?
PF
Name one test you can use to quantify the degree of pronation/supination that a pt has
- Feiss’ line
- navicular drop test
- longitudinal arch angle
