Quiz 2 Flashcards by Iana Francheska

The average or arithmetic mean

Mean

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The value that divides the distribution in half

Median

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Value which most occur often

Mode

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The _____ is used for numerical data and for symmetric distributions

mean

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The _____ is used for ordinal data or for numerical data if the distribution is skewed

median

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The ____ is used primarily for bimodal distribution

mode

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The ____ is generally used for observations measured on a logarithmic scale.

geometric mean

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Other names of MEASURE OF SPREAD

“measures of dispersion” / “measures of variation”

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It described how much the value of sentences varies around the central tendency (mean, median, mode)

MEASURE OF SPREAD

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Difference between the largest/highest and smallest/lowest values.

RANGE

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the middle 50% of the data, the spread between the first and third quartiles

Interquartile Range

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Describe how observations cluster around the mean and many statistical tests.

STANDARD DEVIATION

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Standard deviation is also the measure of the ______ about their mean.

spread of data

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A mathematical expression of the average squared deviations from the mean.

Variance

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A statistical measure of the relative dispersion of data points in a data series around the mean

Coefficient Of Variation

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_____ is calculated as the square root of variance

STANDARD DEVIATION

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is a measure of ris

VOLATILITY

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The range can be used to approximate the standard deviation, it is called as the ____

range rule of thumb

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Measures how precisely the population mean is estimated by the sample mean

STANDARD ERROR

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Score is above the mean

Positive Z-score –

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Score is below the mean

Negative Z-score

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Why are Z-Scores Important?

Standardization
Probability & Normal Distribution
Outlier Detection
Statistical Inference

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MEASURE OF SHAPE

(1) The Normal Distribution
(2) Skewness
(3) Kurtosis

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Is a normal distribution with a mean of zero and standard deviation of 1.

STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

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is a measure of the asymmetry or lack of symmetry in a distribution, indicating whether one tail is longer than the other.

MEASURE OF SKEWNESS

Describe the extent of peakness or flatness of the distribution of the data

MEASURE OF KURTOSIS

Represent a particular quality or attribute

QUALITATIVE DATA

Other term for Qualitative and Quantitative data

Quali : enumeration data Quanti : measurement data

Always a whole number

Discrete

It can take any value possible to measure or possibility of getting fractions

Continuous

Criteria for Selecting Data Presentation Method

1. Size of study 2. Scope of study 3. Program participation 4. Worker cooperation 5. Intrusion into the lives of research participants 6. Resources 7. Time 8. Precious research finding

Is the main method of conveying information as it is used to explain results and trends, and provide contextual information.

TEXT PRESENTATION

Enumerate the types of presentation of data

* Tabular o Simple table o Complex table * Graphical o Quantitative (1) Histogram (2) Frequency polygon (3) Frequency curve (4) Line chart (5) Normal distribution curve (6) Cumulative distribution curve (7) Scatter diagram o Qualitative (1) Bar chart (2) Pictogram (3) Pie chart (4) Map diagram

Is a systematic and logical arrangement of classified data in rows and columns

TABULAR PRESENTATION

____ is when The data is first split up into convenient groups (_______) and the number of items (______) which occur in each group is shown in adjacent columns.

Frequency distribution table class interval frequency

Constructed to present selected data from one or more general purpose tables

Text Tables

Helps to further visualize the information presented in a table by applying colors to the background of cells.

Heat Maps

used to simplify complex information by using images and emphasizing data patterns or trends

Graph presentation

* Represented by a set of rectangular bars * Variables is taken along the X axis and frequency along the y axis * With the class intervals as base, rectangles with height proportional to class frequency are drawn

histogram

The total area of the rectangles in a histogram represents _

total frequency

Class frequencies are plotted against the class midvalues and then these points are joined by a straight line

Frequency Polygon

Frequencies are plotted against the class mid-values and then, these points are joined by a smooth curve

Frequency Curve

used to display the comparison between two variables which are plotted on the x axis and y axis

Line Graph (Time Series Graph)

Used to visually represent how many values are below a specified upper class boundary

Cumulative Frequency Polygon

present data on the x- and y-axis and are used to investigate an association between two variables.

Scatter Diagram

consists of a series of rectangular bars of equal width

Bar Diagram/Bar Chart

Used to represent when items have to be compared with regard to a single characteristic

Simple Bar Diagram

Subdivided Bar Diagram are Also called as ____

component, stacked or proportional bar diagram

* The data have items whose magnitudes have two or more components * In this the items are represented by rectangular bars of equal width and height proportional to magnitude

Subdivided Bar Diagram

The comparison of components are expressed as percentages of the corresponding totals

Percentage Bar Diagram

The bars corresponding to the same unit are placed together adjacent to one another

Multiple Bar Diagram

_____ represents variations in samples of a population; therefore, it is appropriate for representing

Box And Whisker Chart nonparametric data.

Popular method of presenting data to those who cannot understand orthodox charts

Pictogram

The frequencies of the groups are shown in a circle

Pie Diagram

Standardized measures used to describe the health status of a population and to monitor and evaluate public health interventions

HEALTH INDICATORS

Is defined as the ‘no. of new cases’ occurring in a defined population during a specified period of time

INCIDENCE

Is total current (Old + New) cases in a given population over a point or period of time

PREVALENCE

Is the number of deaths expressed as per 1000 or per 100 of the population among which the deaths occurred.

MORTALITY RATE

Deaths in the first year of life expressed as per 1000 of total live births

INFANT MORTALITY RATE (IMR)

Deaths in the first 28 days of life expressed as per 1000 of total live births

NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE

Deaths between 28 days of life to less than 1 year expressed as per 1000 of total live births

POST NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE

Deaths between 28th week of gestation to less than 7 days of life expressed as per 1000 of total births (live and still)

PERI-NATAL MORTALITY RATE

Deaths due to maternal causes (pregnancy, delivery and puerperium) in a given year and locality expressed as per 100 000 live births in the same year and locality

MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO (MMR)

the period following childbirth during which the mother’s body, the reproductive return to its pre-pregnancy state

Puerperium

Deaths from a certain cause (as accidents, cardiovascular diseases) expressed as percentage of the total deaths in the same year and locality

PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY RATE

number of deaths due to a particular cause (or in a specific age group) per 100 (or 1000) total deaths

PROPORTIONAL MORTALITY RATE (PMR)

Deaths from a certain disease expressed as percentage of the total number of cases of the same disease in the same year and locality

CASE FATALITY RATE