Quiz 2 Flashcards
Highly cratered mountainous regions.
— rugged mountainous areas on the moon
— oldest lunar surface
Highlands
—dark and smooth regions on the moon.
— has fewer craters on it than highlands; therefore is believed to be relatively younger.
— low lying expanses of smooth
— appearance of solidified lava flows
Mare
— depressed channel- like features, having the general appearance of dried river beds
— twisted into snake-like patterns
Rilles
A twisted ridge like wrinkle in the mare material
Frequently having the appearance of a wave crest frozen in place
Wrinkle Ridges
— cavity in moon’s surface caused by a collision
— raised rim, bright ejected material
Impact Crater
— an old impact crater whose wall has been broken
— floor has been flooded by material
Sunken Crater
A very high peak on the floor, having survived flooding event by the mare material.
Isolated Mountain Peak
A single of multiple mount@in peaks within some of the larger impact craters on the moon. Caused by a rebounding shock wave.
Crater w/ Central Peak
the region that separates the dark and the bright regions on the moon.
The best shadows and features of the moon are seen near this region.
Terminator
Name all phases of the moon.
Hint: 8 different phases
- New Moon
- Waxing Crescent Moon
- First Quarter Half Moon
- Waxing Gibbous Moon
5.Full Moon - Waning Gibbous Moon
- Three Quarter Half Moon
- Waning Crescent Moon
“Surface” of the sun. What we see in visible light
— 5600-5700 kelvin
— visible light filter
— sunspots, granules (features)
Photosphere
— 4500 Kelvin
— Hydrogen alpha, Calcium K filter
— Filaments,plagues, and prominences (features)
Chromosphere
The outermost layer of the sun.
— 1,000,000 kelvin
— X-Ray Filter
— Loops, Streamers (features)
Corona
The energy released by the sun is produced in the ____?
Where fusion happens
>10,000,000 K (~18,000,000 F)
Acts like a giant magnet
Core
Roughly circular dark, cooler patches on the photosphere
Occur in strong magnetic regions
Sunspots
Why is the corona so hot?
Strong magnetic activity, explosions release high energy particles.
Particles get trapped, heating up the corona to a million Kelvin
Explosions which send bursts of gas and radiation into space
Produced by the sun during high magnetic activity
Solar flares (CME [Coronal Mass Ejection])
CME that can impact earth?
Earthward CME (Halo)
CMEs that don’t impact earth?
Westward (right) & eastward (left)
— The original form of magnitude
— What we see here on earth
—Related to how much energy we receive from the star
— Depends on distance (Further a star is, the dimmer)
— brightness affected by distance, not a true representation of the properties of the star.
Apparent magnitude (mv)
An “objective” measure of how bright a star is
— brightness measure at a distance of 10pc, not affected by distance and a true representation of the properties of the star.
Absolute magnitude (Mv)
OBAFGKM (hottest/bluest to coolest/reddest)
— groups stars by their temperatures
Spectral type
Temperature or spectral type on the horizontal axis and absolute magnitude or luminosity on the vertical axis.
HR Diagram
Form the main sequence
Young Stars (burning H in the core)
Become red giants and white dwarfs
Older evolved stars
Are huge stars
Red giants
The brightness of a star depends on its____&___?
Temp & size
As you move outwards from the core, the temperature of the surface_______?
Decreases
The outermost layer, corona, is _____?
(Temp)
Very Hot
Has the greatest shadow relief because the sunlight can not reach that area
Dark side of the moon
Receives sunlight at different areas as the Zion orbits the earth
Light side of the moon
The moon has ____ craters?
100,000
Are formed by impacts of asteroids or meteors crashing into the moon’s surface
Craters
Heat spreads through radiation (light)
~7,000,000 K
Radiative Zone
Heat spreads through convection
~2,000,000K
Convective Zone
Hot gas rises, cools, and then falls back down to be heated again
Convection
“Bubbles” that cover the surface of the sun
Granules
Long,thin lines
Filaments
Bright patches, often near sunspots
Plages
Large clouds or arches of gas
— the higher up, the higher the energy of the gas
(Why the corona is so hot)
Prominences and coronal loops
Jets of gas streaming off of the sun
Streamers
A way of categorizing stars by their relative brightness
Magnitude
Tiny stars
White dwarfs
