Quiz 2 Flashcards
Psychoanalystic Theory (Freud)
Core of personality
intrapsychic events = occur within mind, motivate behavior
biological motives = thirsty → drink (pushed toward liquid) hungry → eat
Psychoanalystic Theory (Freud)
Psychological determinism
all behavior is determined by motives, NOT
chance!
ex: with new BF & call out ex’s name=Freud thinks you desire ex
These motives determine your behavior – however, you are not actively
aware of them!
Psychoanalystic Theory (Freud)
2 major drives
present at birth
sex (Eros): all pleasurable things
aggression (Thanatos): destruction
Psychoanalystic Theory (Freud)
Structure of personality
3 layers of mind (iceberg model)
conscious: awareness
preconscious: not currently aware, can bring to awareness
unconscious: cannot directly access
Psychoanalystic Theory (Freud)
1st layer: conscious
The structure of personality (3 layers of mind)
-awareness
information you are actively attending to/award of
ex: aware of Irene’s voice/person next to you/feeling hungry
Psychoanalystic Theory (Freud)
2nd layer: preconscious
The structure of personality (3 layers of mind)
-not currently aware, can bring to awareness
→ includes memories & stored knowledge
→ ex: you aren’t thinking about your phone number or your Senior Prom, but you can bring it to consciousness (awareness) if asked
Psychoanalystic Theory (Freud)
3rd layer: unconscious
The structure of personality (3 layers of mind)
-cannot directly access
→ includes ”unacceptable” sexual & aggressive desires / fears /
past traumas / shameful experiences
→ “Peek” into / get clues about the unconscious through:
* Dreams
* “Freudian slips”
* Free Association
- Dreams: disguised in symbols (ex: long, cylindrical object: penis)
- “Freudian slips”: say one thing but mean another
(ex: “I don’t have issues with my smother! / mother) - Free Association: used in Psychoanalytic therapy: lay on couch, facing away from therapist, talk about whatever comes to mind
Psychoanalystic Theory (Freud)
3 personality structures
Id, Superego & Ego
Psychoanalystic Theory (Freud)
Id (in unconscious)
3 personality structures
- major drives (sex/aggression) & basic needs
- irrational, impulsive = operates on Pleasure Principle
- “the infant”: wants it, wants it NOW
- ex: when you woke up this morning: stay in bed! Play on phone!
Psychoanalystic Theory (Freud)
Superego (mostly in preconscious)
3 personality structures
-at war with Id
* develops 3-5 yrs: parents, society
* tells you to “do the right thing!”
- conscience: “angel on shoulder”
- ex: get up! Exercise, eat oatmeal, go to class!
Psychoanalystic Theory (Freud)
Ego (mostly in conscious)
3 personality structures
-mediator between Id & Superego
* Id & Superego always at war with each other!
* employs Defense Mechanisms
- Reality Principle: gratify Id without undesired consequences
- ex: get up, go to class, then go get Starbucks & breakfast
Psychoanalystic Theory (Freud)
defense mechanisms
ego’s strategies to keep unacceptable Id impulses,
traumatic memories, fears, from reaching consciousness
(repression most common defense mechanism)
ex: repression, denial, projection, rationalization, reaction formationm & displacement
Psychoanalystic Theory (Freud)
reaction formation
defense mechanisms
converting an unacceptable feeling into its opposite
Ex: Irene’s young daughter saying she loved her new sister “more than God
does” while aggressively squeezing her tightly
Ex: a politician who cheats on their spouse while championing “family values”
Psychoanalystic Theory (Freud)
rationalization
defense mechanisms
make excuses for own failures
Ex: You do poorly on an exam that you did not prepare for, but instead you
blame the professor for being boring and say that the exam was unfair
Psychoanalystic Theory (Freud)
displacement
defense mechanisms
“unacceptable” drive is redirected to acceptable alternative
Ex: your boss yells at you, and you can’t respond for fear of the
consequences, so you come home and yell at your roommate
Freud’s Developmental Theory
Psychosexual Stages
(think of butt and penis stuck in toilet)
Freud theorized that these developmental stages begin at birth, and continue through adolescence (approximately 18 – 21 years old)
- From birth, Id has sex drive looking for outlet (pleasure source)
- each stage: erogenous zone (a part of the body that serves as pleasure source)
- each stage: “task” to complete, to move to the next stage
- a person can get “stuck” in stage (they never truly complete the “task” in an
earlier stage) = known as “fixation” (shows up in their adult behaviors)
ex: anal and phallic stages
Freud’s Developmental Theory: Psychosexual Stages
Oedipus complex (boys)
example of complexes from psychoanalytic
- discovers & is proud of penis
- desires = mom
- obstacle = dad (resentful, wants to replace)
- castration anxiety: fears dad will cut off penis
- “resolves”: identifies with dad, wants to marry girl like mom
he was in love with his mom (sexual love) and was scared of his dad cutting his penis off
Freud’s Developmental Theory: Psychosexual Stages
Electra complex (girls)
example of complexes from psychoanalytic
- realizes she lacks penis, blames mother
- desires = dad
- obstacle = mom (resentful, wants to replace)
- penis envy: wants penis (penis substitute = baby)
- “resolves”: identifies with mom, wants to marry boy like dad
she realized she didn’t have a penis and she was mad so she blamed her mom
Stress
psychological & physical response to a stimulus (stressor) that alters your equilibrium (balance)
equilibrium = homeostasis
body’s automatic response is stress (diff from stress response!)
Types of Stress
distress
distracting - person focuses on effects of stress
high level of stress, activates amygdala
ex: test-taking - you focus on consequence of a test grade (what if I fail?) instread of the test itself
Types of stress
Eustress
useful - focus
low level of stress
ex: need some stress to get yourself to study/ run from an oncoming car
Stress
Stressor
stimulus that alters your equilibrium (balance)
importance of PERCEPTION
many things that cause stress, can be thing/event
Stressor
Length of Stress
acute (short-term)
chronic (ongoing)
chronic ex: zebra = yrs of drought
Stressor
type of stressor
physical
psychological
anticipatory
psychological - generate scenarios in the head
