Quiz 2 Flashcards
Synapse
The connection between two neurons or a neuron or an effector
Neurotransmitter
Chemical messengers, secreted by neurons to carry a neural signal to another neuron or an effector
Excitatory neurotransmitter
The neurotransmitters causes the ion channels to open in the postsynaptic neuron
- Sodium flows in and the neuron becomes depolarized
Inhibitory neurotransmitter
Triggers potassium to open and potassium to flow out
-hyperpolarized
Nor epinephrin
Used by the brain and some autonomic neurons
Serotonin
Inhibitory neurotransmitter that regulates temperature and sensory perception
-Involved in mood control
Acetylcholine
An excitatory neurotransmitter
- Causes depolarization and muscle contraction
Cholinesterase
An enzyme released into the synapse to break down acetylcholine
- Allows, the ion channels to close in the membrane to re-polarize
Summation
When both a and B fire simultaneously, then threshold in D is reached
Brain
Contained within the skull and meninges and surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid
Meninges
Three protective membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrospinal fluid
Circulates in between the inner and middle and through the central part of the spinal cord
- Act as a shock, absorber and transport medium for nutrients and waste
Blood brain barrier
Menning’s prevent direct circulation of blood through the cells of the brain and spinal cord
- Forms a barrier that blocks toxins and infectious agents
- Important nutrients like glucose oxygen are still able to pass through
Cerebellum
Coordination of posture, reflexes, body movements, and fine voluntary motor skills
- Receives information from proprio receptor
Medulla oblongata
Connect brain and spinal cord
- Controls autonomic responses
Pons
Relay station between the neurons in the two hemispheres of the brain, cerebellum and the rest of the brain
Midbrain
Relay visual and auditory information between different areas
- Important role in movement and control of skeletal muscle
Thalamus
Relay station of the brain
Hypothalamus
Regulates the bodies, internal environment in certain aspects of behaviour
- Controls the increase/decrease of blood pressure heart rate body temperature basic drives and emotions
Cerebrum
Largest portion of the brain
- Contains centres for intellect, memory, consciousness, language
Left and right sides of the brain
Linked by a bundle of white matter, called the corpus callosum
- right: holistic thinking, artistic abilities, visual spatial skills
- left: sequential, logical thinking, linguistic, and mathematical skills
Occipital lobe
Receives an analyze, visual information
Temporal lobe
Auditory reception
Parietal lobe
Process sensory information from the skin
Frontal lobe
Integrate information from other parts of the brain, reasoning, critical thinking, memory, personality, speech and contain areas that control varies as aspects of precise, voluntary motor movement
Spinal cord
Information from the effectors to the brain
Sensory receptor
Nerve endings and cells a detected sensory information
Sensory adaptation
When the brain filters out repeated or unimportant information
Photoreceptors
Stimulated by light energy
Chemo receptors
Stimulated by certain chemicals
Mechanoreceptors
Respond to some form of pressure
Thermo receptor
Detect heat and cold
Neurotransmitter
Chemical secreted by neurons to carry a neural signal to another neuron or an effector
Excitatory neurotransmitter
The neurotransmitters caused the ion channels to open in the postsynaptic nueron
-Sodium flows in and the neuron becomes depolarized
Inhibitory neurotransmitter
Triggers potassium to open and potassium to flow out
- Neuron becomes hyperpolarized
