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GRST > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Dionysus the god of? (4 things)

A
  • Wine
  • Vegetation
  • Fertility
  • Theatre
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2
Q

Why does Dionysus have a close link to mortality? (2 things)

A
  • he dies in some myths
  • he is the child of Zeus and mortal Semele
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3
Q

True or False: Dionysus is often depicted as a mature adult

A

False

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4
Q

What elements is Dionysus often depicted with? (4)

A
  • wreath
  • wine cup
  • grapes/vines
  • Thyrsus
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5
Q

Who is Dionysus often accompanied by? (2)

A

Satyrs and Maenads

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6
Q

True or false, Dionysus oversees agricultural and human fertility

A

True

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7
Q

What is the Anthesteria?

A

A three day long festival to Dionysus held in Athens

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8
Q

What are the three days of the Anthesteria?

A
  1. Pithigoia
  2. Choes
  3. Chytroi
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9
Q

What happens on the Pithigoia

A

Wine arrives from the countryside and the deceased arrive from the underworld to visit (similar to halloween)

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10
Q

What happens on Choes

A

citywide drinking contest, procession to marshes and the temple dedicated to Dionysus Limnaios

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11
Q

What happens on Chytroi

A

girls are on swings (connection to myth of Icarius), community offering to appease spirits of the dead and send them pack to the underworld

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12
Q

What is the myth of Icarius?

A

Dionysus had given Icarius some wine who then gave it to a man who had never had wine before. the got alcohol poisoning and his family thought him dead so they killed Icarius and his daughter hung herself in grief

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13
Q

How do the events of the Anthesteria illustrate features of Dionysus (3)

A
  • Association with wine
  • Veil between living and dead temporarily gone
  • The gods destabilising effect on communities
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14
Q

How does the Symposium differ from the Anthesteria?

A

The symposium is a male only drinking party with a focus on discussion and self examination

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15
Q

What are the three Athenian festivals for Dionysus?

A
  • Lenaea
  • Country Dionysia
  • City Dionysia
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16
Q

What happens at the country Dionysia?

A

Procession of wooden PPs brought to Dio. statue

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17
Q

Who wrote about the country Dionysia?

A

Aristophanes

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18
Q

What happens at the city Dionysia and what form of Dio. is worshipped?

A
  • Week long celebration in Athens
  • Dionysus Eleuthereus (free)
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19
Q

True or false: the audience and actors at the city Dionysia were all males

A

True

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20
Q

What did the plays of the city Dionysia provide?

A

A temporary escape from real life, political identities, a moment of Ekstasis

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21
Q

What are the four key criteria of mystery cults?

A
  1. No civic affiliation (individual, not community based)
  2. Initiation required
  3. Open to all, men, women and slaves
  4. Did not demand sole allegiance
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22
Q

How do Dio.’s cults differentiate from Demeters Eleusinian mysteries?

A
  • there is no specific worship place, the group is a Thiasus
  • the Thiasus are often viewed with negativity and suspicion
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23
Q

Define Thiasus

A

Group that unites for religious practice informally

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24
Q

True or False, Dio.’s mystery cults were well known about

A

False, they were shrouded in mystery

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25
Q

What does the villa of mysteries in pompeii reveal about the initiation rituals of Dio.’s cults

A

Initiates are terrified, whipping was likely involved in the process

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26
Q

What were the two elements of the Orgia?

A
  • Sparagmos: tearing apart a sacrifical victim/animal
  • Omophagia: eating the sacrifice raw
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27
Q

How was the Orgia different from normal ritual sacrifice?

A

The sacrifice was often cooked before being eaten

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28
Q

Who wrote the Bacchae

A

Euripides

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29
Q

What is the Bacchae about?

A

Dionysus’ arrival in his birth city, Thebes with his female followers, he is disguised as one. The women of thebes initially reject Dio, but eventually participate in Orgias. Pentheus rejects Dio. and as punishment is dismembered by Theban Maenads who think him a real animal. They later realize who he was and Dio. punishes them

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30
Q

True or False, Artemis was firstborn and in most stories she helps deliver Apollo

A

True

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31
Q

True or false: Artemis is often depicted as a young maiden

A

True

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32
Q

What is the paradox of Artemis’ connection to nature?

A

She is seen as both a protectress and huntress of animals

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33
Q

Why is Artemis depicted as a goddess of childbirth even though she is a virgin?

A

Because she helped deliver Apollo

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34
Q

Who are the three virgin Olympian godesses?

A

Athena, Hestia and Artemis

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35
Q

What are Artemis’ links to menstruation?

A

Her depiction as a moon goddess and her virginity

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36
Q

What is the ambiguity of Artemis’ depictions

A

She can either be gentle or a punisher
- Gentle: turning Orion and Callisto into constellations
- Punisher: turning Acteon into a stag and killing him after he saw her bathe

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37
Q

What is Artemis Lochia associated with and what approach is it linked to?

A

Shooting “gentle” arrows at pregnant women
Etiological approach

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38
Q

True or false: misandry is present in most of Artemis’ stories

A

True

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39
Q

Who wrote Hippolytos?

A

Euripides

40
Q

Who is Hippolytos about?

A

Hippolytos, son of Theseus

41
Q

What is Hippolytos about?

A

Hippolytos makes Aphrodite angry by not worshipping her, as punishment she makes his stepmother Phaedra fall in love with him. Phaedra is rejected and kills herself while blaming Hippo. Theseus curses Hippo. who then dies. Artemis is angry and promises a cult in Hippo.’s honor and the truth comes out

42
Q

True or False: Hippo. is a normative Greek Character

A

False

43
Q

Who is pitted as Aphrodite’s enemy in Hippolytud?

A

Artemis

44
Q

What is the Brauronia and what is it about?

A

Young girls are sent to Brauron for games and plays with the goal of taming young girls before they re enter society.
In the Brauronia, one girl “plays the bear” and possibly scratches the girls

45
Q

What is the foundation myth behind the Brauronia?

A

A she-bear was playing with a young girl and accidentally scratched her face, the girls brothers killed the bear and angered Artemis, the ritual was made to appease her

46
Q

What is the origin myth behind the Orthia at sparta?

A

Villages were fighting and people were killed at Artemis’ altar, she demanded more blood as retribution

47
Q

Why were young men whipped at Orthia? (2)

A
  1. Blood retribution
  2. part of a challenge to become warriors and adults
48
Q

What were Helots and what is their relation to the Orthia?

A

Helots were Spartan slaves, the boys wore masks of Helots as a humiliation method for themselves

49
Q

What are the three objects of Herme’s and what is their common attribute?

A
  • Hat
  • Sandals
  • Wand
    They are all always winged
50
Q

What does Hermes “Psychopompos” mean?

A

Guide of souls

51
Q

What does Hermes do to boundaries

A

He creates and crosses them

52
Q

Who is Hermes the son of?

A

Maia and Zeus

53
Q

What is Hermes’ trick on Apollo

A

He steals Apollo’s cattle, Zeus eventually comes into play and Hermes lies to him but Zeus is amused, he makes Hermes an Olympian. Hermes makes the lyre to appease Apollo

54
Q

What approach can be used to analyse Hermes and Hestia?

A

Structuralism and the Binary approach
Hermes as the passage from youth to adulthood, always travelling
Hestia as social passage, inside the house

55
Q

What were Hermes’ Hills?

A

Piles of rocks made by travellers, originally for protection, later to mark roads

56
Q

What were Herms and where we they often seen?

A

Big block of rock with Head and erect PP, seen at gates and doors of cities, houses and temples

57
Q

Were pp’s seen as Apotropaic (capable of warding off evil)?

A

Yes

58
Q

Where does Hermes travel to and from?

A

Olympus to Earth
To and from the Underworld

59
Q

How can Carl Jung’s approach be used on Hermes?

A

Hermes as the “Shadow” the side one hides from society, a representative of the collective unconscious

60
Q

What are the three objects of Apollo?

A

Bow, Lyre, Laurel

61
Q

Who is Apollo the antithesis of and why?

A

Dionysus
he shows restraint and boundaries

62
Q

What is the obscure duality of Apollo’s origins

A
  1. Purest most characteristically Greek god
  2. Prototype of Christ?
63
Q

What is the dichotomy of Apollos Bow and arrows?

A

They can bring plague or healing

64
Q

Who is Asclepios

A

The son of Apollo and a mortal woman, he is connected to healing and medicine

65
Q

Why is the snake seen as a healing symbol?

A

Because it sheds and rejuvenates its skin

66
Q

What happened and Epidauros?

A

There was a healing center where people went to get prescriptions through dreams

67
Q

What is the etimology of Delphi

A

where Apollo Delphinius slayed a dragon and established Delphi

68
Q

True or false: Delphi was believed to be the center of the earth and this was proven by the Omphalos (navel) rock

A

True

69
Q

Who was the Pythia and what about her changed throughout the ages?

A

The Pythia was the prophetess of Apollo, she was initially a young virgin but later changed to a mature woman who became chaste after her appointment

70
Q

How did the Pythia tell oracles?

A

Priests would bring her a question, she entered a frenzy and responded, it would be written down

71
Q

What was the Hyacintia ritual?

A

3 day long ritual
Day 1: mock funeral
Day 2: boys participate in competitions ( transition to adulthood)
Day 3: boys mourn Hya. (boys reintroduced now as adults

72
Q

What approach was used for the Hyacinthia?

A

The ritualistic approach, stating that myths are basically scripts for rituals

73
Q

What are Gennep’s three stages of rites of passage?

A
  1. Pre-liminal: seperation from former status
  2. Liminal: transition
  3. Post-liminal: reintroduction into society
74
Q

What rituals can be seen through Gennep’s view? (2)

A

Brauronia and Hyacinthia

75
Q

Who wrote the Illiad?

A

Homer

76
Q

What type of text is the Illiad?

A

Poem

77
Q

True or false, the Illiad begins in medias res

A

True

78
Q

What are the five traits of a hero/heroine?

A
  1. A human being who had died
  2. perform extraordinary deeds that may or may not be moral
  3. Die prematurely and violently
  4. were worshipped at their gravesites
  5. obtain a form of immortality through cult and song
79
Q

What are Redfields characteristics of Homeric Heroes? (3)

A

Aristeia
Kleos
Time

80
Q

What is Aresteia

A

the hero’s moment of excellence where he approaches divinity, often his moment of death that is remembered by the community

81
Q

What is Kleos

A

The glory or renown that a hero seeks

82
Q

What is time(-)

A

the honor a hero gains also related to ransom price if the hero is captured

83
Q

Who is Diomedes

A

A hero in the Illiad, his battle prowess is second only to Achilles

84
Q

What is Diomedes aristeia?

A

His battle rampage where he wounds aphrodite

85
Q

Which god/goddess granted Diomedes strength and daring?

A

Pallas Athena

86
Q

What event marks Diomedes’ return to mortality?

A

His encounter with Glaucus, their grandpas were friends

87
Q

Who is Hector a foil to?

A

Achilles

88
Q

True or false: Hector fights for glory

A

False, he fights for his family, his city and his people

89
Q

Who was Achilles’ mother?

A

Thetis, a sea nymph

90
Q

Who’s wrath drives the plot of the Illiad?

A

Achilles’

91
Q

What is the first word of the Illiad?

A

Wrath

92
Q

When does Achilles’ aristeia start and end?

A

Starts with Patroclus’ death and him refusing to eat, ends with his defeat of Hector

93
Q

What are Simone Weil’s two points on the Illiad

A
  1. Force transforms human beings into things
  2. The Illiad allows us to understand force and its counterweight, love and empathy
94
Q

What is Sue Grand’s point about the Heroic Other

A

He is onkly seen as a hero/alive in action, heroic tales never show characters with a rich interior life

95
Q

Who wrote the Aeneid?

A

Vergil

96
Q

Who does Aeneas kill in the Aeneid and why does he do it?

A

He kills Turnus and does it because Turnus has the sword of Pallas, Aeneas’ friend who was killed by Turnus

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