Quiz 2 Flashcards
What is the significance of local food?
Connects people, place, and ecology
What are some examples of ways in which conservation science and Indigenous knowledge can work together? ok i’m copy pasting from the slides but lowkey disagree with this in some ways
- Fill gaps in scientific understanding that may be difficult or impossible to obtain through other means
- Offer multiple lines of evidence
- Identify and address seasonal, experience, and scale based biases
- provide cultural and lived reality context for interpreting results
- enhance community support for and involvement in conservation science
- help to remedy the sterile dichotomy between science and knowledge
What are some challenges to the inclusion of local knowledge in the scientific realm?
- skepticism in the scientific community
- the difficulty of engaging with suitable knowledge holders
- the potential for Indigenous knowledge to be appropriated, marginalized, misunderstood, and misused
- challenges in assessing the validity, reliability, bias, and uncertainty of Indigenous knowledge
- determining how Indigenous knowledge and observations can be blended into something coherent while maintaining the integrity of both knowledge approaches
What is ethical space?
A space between the Indigenous and Western spheres of culture and knowledge that inspires an abstract space of possibility and creates the neutral zone of dialogue
Ethical spaces unfold through processes of authentic intercultural dialogue and exchange, offering the possibility for new insights into human identity and purpose with emergent outcomes across cultures to address shared challenges of sustainability
What is the Two Row Wampum-Covenant Chain treaty?
Developed between Haudenosaunee and newly arrived Dutch merchants
Offers an Indigenous-European framework for relationships between peoples from different laws and beliefs that can help to decolonize Western presumptions
Permits each side to retain its integrity through undertaking its own process according to its own worldview. At the same time, the two sides share information and work in partnership on issues of common concern.
What is Etuaptmumk (Two-Eyed Seeing)?
Shared by Mi’kmaq Edler Dr. Albert Marshall
Holds that scientific and Indigenous knowledges each have their own strengths, which are stronger when working together toward a common goal (gift of multiple perspectives)
Issues with the integration of Indigenous knowledge in the scientific realm
They are offered and emphasized amidst a colonial context in which science and research have actively contributed to the marginalization and disempowerment of Indigenous peoples
Extractive research
Research in an Indigenous context carried out primarily by non-Indigenous researchers, who set the conditions for it. Historically, research was conducted in a colonial manner, without the collaboration of the peoples concerned, and without any validation or feedback on the results once the studies were complete.
What are issues with conservation science and policy employing the precautionary principle?
The precautionary principle positions science as the exclusive knowledge domain and the absence of scientific information as reason for immediate conservation action
What is the precautionary principle?
Aims to be more cautious when information is less certain, not using the absence of adequate information as a reason to postpone action
What are alternatives to the precautionary principle?
Erring on the side of Indigenous people
Indigenous participation in decision-making (focus on Indigenous peoples, knowledges, and livelihoods)
What are the benefits of community-based participatory research?
Makes research in and with Indigenous communities more beneficial and relevant to its participants, and begins dismantling the extractive and colonial legacy of scientific research in these communities
Adopts a partnership approach and considers the power dynamics of the researcher, the collaborators and research participants
What are challenges with community-based participatory research?
Community involvement in research does not, in and of itself, create equitable relationships between researchers and Indigenous communities.
In many instances, the community helps participatory research more than the participatory research benefits the community
What is knowledge-production?
The collaborative process of bringing a plurality of knowledge sources and types together to address a defined problem and build an integrated or systems-oriented understanding of that problem
What does the success of knowledge co-production depend on?
1) Willingness to recognize and accept existence of different systems of understanding and practices
2) An ability to interrelate different systems of thought and perspectives in complex and uncertain decision contexts
3) A shared desire to use knowledge co-production to achieve mutually agreed outcomes
What are the four pillars that knowledge co-production should follow?
1) Context-based: situating the process in a particular context, place, or issue
2) Pluralistic: explicitly recognizing multiple ways of knowing and doing
3) Goal-oriented: by articulating clearly defined, shared and meaningful goals that are related to the challenge at hand
4) Interactive: by allowing for ongoing learning among actors, active engagement and frequent interactions
What are the characterizations of mode 1 vs. mode 2 approaches?
Mode 1: knowledge production (prioritizing theory, disciplinarity, universality, neutrality, detachment, and validity through logic, measurement and prediction)
Mode 2: developed in a context of application, recognized to be particular and situational, validated by experiential, collaborative, and transdisciplinary processes, with researchers recognized to be socially accountable, immersed and reflexive agents of change
What three things does the researcher’s positionality consists of?
- Their social positions
- Their personal experiences
- Their ideologies
–> the question of who is conducting research and why is ever-present in Indigenous and community-based research contexts
What is an organization that exists that supports reconciliation through research
Braiding Knowledges Canada
What is Project Arramat?
A team of Indigenous leaders, governments, and organizations, university researchers, and other contributors have come together to collaborate on research and action in support of the health and well-being of the environment and people.
Working to strengthen Indigenous voices and capacities to document their knowledge about the importance of the whole environment (including biodiversity) to the health and well-being of their communities.
About respecting the inherent dignity and interconnectedness of peoples and Mother Earth; life and livelihood; identity and expression; biodiversity and sustainability; stewardship and well-being
What is Goal A of the Global Biodiversity Framework?
The integrity, connectivity, and resilience of all ecosystems are maintained, enhanced or restored… increasing area by 2050
Target 1: By 2030, at least 30% of areas of degraded terrestrial, inland water, and coastal and marine ecosystems are under effective restoration
Target 2: Ensure and enable that by 2030, at least 30% of ecosystems are effectively conserved and managed through ecologically representative, well-connected and equitably governed systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures
How many national protected areas are covered?
On average, only 11%
(compared to the Aichi targets to have reached 17% of connected areas by 2020)
What is connectivity conservation?
The action of individuals, communities, institutions, and businesses to maintain, enhance, and restore ecological flows, species movement, and dynamic processes across intact and fragmented environments
Connectivity conservation is not the same as connectivity; it is about the actions we do
- social process interacted with an ecological process
- collaboration of many different institutions and actors
What are the two approaches to biodiversity conservation (in relation to human impacts landscapes)?
Population viability analyses: one species at a time approach (protecting a single species)
Landscape approaches: identity habitat, network and species’ requirements, prioritize areas to protect (protecting an area)
What is landscape connectivity?
The extent to which a landscape facilitates movement. An emergent and dynamic outcome of all movements and flows
The unimpeded movement of species and the flow of natural processes