quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

archons

A

chief magistrates in athenian culture

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2
Q

what are the 3 types of archons

A

basileus (religion), polemarch (military), & archon (public affairs)

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3
Q

how many archons were there

A

3 originally, grew to 9

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4
Q

cleruchy

A

a colony of athenian citizens in another place

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5
Q

what was the man purpose of a cleruchy

A

expansion of the empire

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6
Q

did athenian citizens retain citizenship in a cleruchy

A

yes

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7
Q

cosmopolis

A

a city made up of people form different parts of the world

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8
Q

which of these cities was a cosmopolis: Athens or Sparta?

A

Athens

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9
Q

decarchy

A

a government council of 10 people

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10
Q

who established the decarchy

A

Lysander

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11
Q

when were decarchys developed

A

after spartas victory in the peloponnesian war

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12
Q

where was Lysander from

A

sparta

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13
Q

where were decarchys practised

A

parts of the former athenian empire

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14
Q

what type of governments were decarchys

A

dictatorships

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15
Q

dikasteria

A

an athenian court where citizens served as jurors

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16
Q

ekklesia

A

an assembly of citizens

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17
Q

hetairoi

A

the elite cavalry in the Macedonian army

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18
Q

hoplite

A

a type of heavily armed citizen solider

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19
Q

what were hoplites armed with

A

a shield and a spear

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20
Q

perioikoi

A

the middle class of spartans

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21
Q

what is the name for free non-citizens in Sparta

A

perioikoi

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22
Q

pezhetairoi

A

foot soldiers in the Macedonian army

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23
Q

what is the other name for the hoplites of the Macedonian army

A

pezhetairoi

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24
Q

phalanx

A

a tactical formation used in the military

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25
Q

sarissa

A

a long spear

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26
Q

who introduced the saris

A

Philip II

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27
Q

syssitia

A

a banquet for the purpose of bonding and kinship between men and boys

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28
Q

seisachtheia

A

a set of laws aimed at relieving the debts of citizens and slaves

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29
Q

who introduced the seisachtheia

A

Solon

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30
Q

symposium

A

a social gathering with dinner, drinks, and entertainment

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31
Q

what year was Cylon’s attempt at tyranny

A

632 BC

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32
Q

who had a failed attempt at tyranny in Athens in 632 BC

A

Cylon

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33
Q

what year was Pisistratus’s second attempt at tyranny

A

546 BC

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34
Q

where did Pisistratus travel to gain wealth and an army after his first failed attempt at tyranny

A

macedonia

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35
Q

who successfully established a tyranny in Athens and unified Attica

A

Pisistratus

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36
Q

what year was the first Persian war

A

490 BC

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37
Q

what is the other name for the first Persian war

A

the battle of marathon

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38
Q

who led the first Persian invasion of Greece

A

king Darius the great

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39
Q

who won the 1st Persian war

A

Athens

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40
Q

what sparked the first Persian war

A

Athens sent aid to a revolt in Persia

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41
Q

what years was the 2nd Persian war

A

480 - 478 BC

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42
Q

who led the second Persian invasion of Greece

A

Xerxes

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43
Q

what battle led to the end of the second Persian invasion of Greece

A

battle of plataea

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44
Q

what battle led to the Persian take over Athens and most of Greece

A

battle of Thermopylae

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45
Q

what year was the delian league created

A

477 BC

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46
Q

who led the delian league

A

Athens

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47
Q

what years were the Peloponnesian war

A

431 - 404 BC

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48
Q

when was the 10 years war

A

431 - 421 bc

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49
Q

what are the two names for the first part of the peloponnesian war

A

10 years war/archidamian war

50
Q

which athenian general died to illness early in the peloponnesian war

A

Pericles

51
Q

which side won the 10 years war

A

neither

52
Q

who started the 10 years war

A

sparta

53
Q

what year was the peace of niches

A

421 BC

54
Q

what was the peace of nicias

A

a 50 year treaty between Athens and Sparta following the 10 years war

55
Q

how long did the peace of nicias last in reality

A

6 years

56
Q

who offered up the peace of nicias treaty

A

sparta

57
Q

which state led a military expedition to Sicily

A

Athens

58
Q

which 3 states are on the opposing side of the athenian expedition of Sicily

A

sparta, Syracuse, and Corinth

58
Q

what years were the athenian expedition to Sicily

A

421 - 413 BC

59
Q

which event led to a devastating defeat for Athens and marked a turning point of the peloponnesian war

A

sicilian expedition

60
Q

what years were the ionian war

A

413 - 404 BC

61
Q

who led Sparta during the ionian war

A

Lysander

62
Q

how did the ionian war end

A

Athens surrendered to sparta

63
Q

what year was the battle of leuctra

A

371 BC

64
Q

who was the battle of leuctra between

A

sparta and Thebes

65
Q

who came out victorious in the battle of leuctra

A

Thebes

66
Q

who was the leading military power in Greece following the peloponnesian war

A

sparta

67
Q

who was the leading military power in Greece following the battle of leuctra

A

Thebes

68
Q

what year was the battle of chaeronea

A

338 BC

69
Q

who was the battle of chaperone fought between

A

macedonia and an alliance of Athens and Thebes

70
Q

who won the battle of chaeronea

A

macedonia

71
Q

what event was the first stepping stone towards the Macedonian empire

A

the battle of chaeronea

72
Q

what year did Alexander the Great die

A

323 BC

73
Q

what kind of government did Athens develop during the archaic period

A

democratic

74
Q

ostracism

A

a process where a citizen could be expelled from Athens for 10 years for threatening democracy

75
Q

what was solons biggest contribution to democracy

A

relieved the debts of slaves

76
Q

who ruled as a tyrant while contributing to democracy in Athens

A

Pisistratus

77
Q

who unified Attica

A

Pisistratus

78
Q

who instituted the panathenaic games

A

Pisistratus

79
Q

who limited the power of office holders and judicial functions in state trials

A

ephialtes

80
Q

who turned the delian league into an athenian empire

A

Pericles

81
Q

who led Athens during the first two yers of the peloponnesian war

A

Pericles

82
Q

who played the biggest part in leading Athens to the cultural hub of the greek world

A

Pericles

83
Q

who reformed the athenian council towards democratic footing

A

cleisthenes

84
Q

who is regarded as the founder of athenian democracy

A

cleisthenes

85
Q

who was the spartan government ruled by

A

2 kings and a 28 member council of elders

86
Q

helots

A

spartan slaves

87
Q

what was the main purpose of spartan education

A

military training

88
Q

homoioi

A

spartan soldiers

89
Q

which major greek state was not a part of the delian league

A

sparta

90
Q

where were the delian league headquarters

A

delos

91
Q

how long did the 30 tyrant regime

A

8 months

92
Q

what was the thirty tyrant regime

A

a spartan imposed oligarchy in Athens after the peloponnesian war

93
Q

who was king of Macedonia from 359 BC - 336 BC

A

Philip II

94
Q

who first attempted to establish the league of Corinth

A

Philip II

95
Q

who turned Macedonia into one of the largest empires in history

A

Alexander the Great

96
Q

which philosopher tutored Alexander the Great

A

Aristotle

97
Q

what period followed Alexander the greats death

A

hellenistic

98
Q

which period is marked by the height of greek cultural influence

A

hellenistic

99
Q

which 4 cultures were fused during the hellenistic period

A

persian, egyptian, indian, greek

100
Q

what was the museum of Alexandria

A

an ancient centre of learning in Egypt

101
Q

where was Alexandria

A

northern Egypt

102
Q

what part of the Aegean Sea were Athens and sparta on

A

southwest

103
Q

who wrote the spartan constitution

A

Xenophon

104
Q

who is considered the founder of sparta

A

Lycurgus

105
Q

gerousia

A

the council of elders serving under the two kings of sparta

106
Q

sumptuary laws

A

laws to limit the power and wealth of the aristocratic class

107
Q

who introduced protogeometric pottery

A

athenians

108
Q

seisachtheia

A

a festival celebrating solon’s reforms

109
Q

sophists

A

greek lecturers, writers, and teachers

110
Q

were tyrants elected

A

no

111
Q

which city took leadership during the 4th century

A

Thebes

112
Q

what king of government proceeded Athens after the Peloponnesian war

A

the thirty tyrants regime

113
Q

which philosopher was sentenced to death in 399 BC

A

Socrates

114
Q

which people ruled Italy before the romans

A

Etruscans

115
Q

who calculated the circumference of the earth

A

eratosthenes

116
Q

tomb with two people lying on top in Rome

A

sarcophagus deli sops (an etruscanian masterpiece)

117
Q

disciplina etrusca

A

the union of all the arts, rituals and doctrines that santified the Etruscan religion and knowledge

118
Q

haruspex & augur

A

religious official who observed natural signs interpreting these as an indication of divine approval or disapproval of a proposed action

119
Q

three main italic populations

A

Oscan, Umbrian, & sabellic