Quiz 2 Flashcards
A variable
Gender, social media use
An attribute
Options of a variable
Levels of measurement
Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio
Nominal
Names/attributes of measurement but no order (gender, countries)
Ordinal
Order to measurement but the intervals are not the same
Interval
Has order and intervals are the same, no true zero (Fahrenheit)
Ratio
Requires order, intervals, and a true zero
Precision
How precise is your measurement (to what decimal, half inch, etc.)
Accuracy
Do we get it right or not
Reliability
Consistency of measurement (are they the same between different tests)
Validity
Is your response a good gauge of what happens in reality
Face validity
Do results LOOK valid
Content validity
Does our measurement approach include different dimensions of that concept
Criterion-related validity (AKA Concrete validity)
The degree to which a test can predictively (in the future) or concurrently (in the present) measure something
Construct validity
Does it measure what it means to measure
Bogardus Social Distance Scale
Willingness of people to participate in social relations of varying degrees of closeness with other kinds of people
Thurstone Scale
Consider a student GPA at BU, estimate how strong an indicator of a student’s GPA each item is on a scale of 1-10
Likert Scale
Please indicate whether you “strongly agree” “agree” “disagree” “strongly disagree”
Semantic Differential Scale
Questionnaire format where respondents rate something in terms of two opposite adjectives
Guttman Scale
Types of composite measures used to summarize several discrete observations to represent more general variables
Cronbach’s Alpha
Indicated reliability of measurement, below 0.70 is concern
Factor Analysis
Identifies which variables are strongly correlated and should be grouped
Empirical relationships
Establish when respondents answers to one question help us predict how they answer other questions
Bivariate relationships
Correlations
Multivariate relationships
Prediction
Categorical variables
Categories (race, gender, eye color)
Continuous variables
Can take on large quantity of answers (age, height)
Dichotomous variables
Two responses, yes or no
Boolean searches
More precise searches using words such as AND, OR, NOT or symbols such as quotation marks to indicate you want to limit a search to an exact phrase
Search plan
A list of search words and phrases that would likely lead to information on your research topic
