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Intro to Criminology > quiz 2 > Flashcards

quiz 2 Flashcards

chapters 3, 4

1
Q

Victimology

A

the study of the role of the victim in the crime

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2
Q

Victim Precipitation Theory

A

victims initiate the confrontation that results in crime

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3
Q

Active Victim Precipitation Theory

A

come over here and say that!

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4
Q

Passive Victim Precipitation Theory

A

Wrong place, wrong time

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5
Q

Lifestyle theories for victim precipitation theory

A

high-risk lifestyle, equivalent group, proximity, deviant place

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6
Q

Routine Activities

A

available suitable target, lack of capable guardians, motivated offenders

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7
Q

Costs

A

Property, productivity, medical bills, insurance increase, lower property values, fear, decreased quality of life

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8
Q

Murder costs

A

$9M

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9
Q

Rape costs

A

$240k

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10
Q

Robbery costs

A

$42k

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11
Q

Household Burglary costs

A

$6k

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12
Q

Stolen property costs

A

$8k

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13
Q

Victim Fear

A

women more so than men, behavioral change, relocation, trauma

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14
Q

Crime begets

A

criminal behavior and victimization

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15
Q

Cycle of Violence

A

pass it down generation to generation

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16
Q

victim rate is highest among

A

teens and young adults (13-25)

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17
Q

the older we get

A

victimization decreases

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18
Q

65 and older are the

A

2% ers (except fraud, purse snatching, check theft)

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19
Q

Elder abuse is expected to

A

grow

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20
Q

poverty correlated to

A

victimization

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21
Q

crime is (race)

A

intra-racial

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22
Q

african- americans are

A

more likely victimized, 56% homocides

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23
Q

marriage reduces

A

victimization

24
Q

Target vulnerability

A

cant defend themselves, make it easier to victimize, ex: elderly

25
Q

Target gratifiability

A

You have something I want

26
Q

Target antogonism

A

characteristic or behavior that can cause the offender to elicit anger or jealousy

27
Q

After the crime

A

victim compensation, victim advocacy, impact statements

28
Q

sometimes victimes are not

A

blameless

29
Q

the enlightenment

A

important social/intellectual movement in Europe in the 18th century

30
Q

the enlightenment emphasized

A

free will and rational thought and moved away from superstition and sin

31
Q

Humans are

A

fundamentally rational

32
Q

pain and pleasure

A

are the 2 central determinants of human behavior

33
Q

punishment deters

A

law violators and to serve as an example to others

34
Q

the principles of right and wrong are

A

inherent in our nature and cannot be denied

35
Q

society provides benefits

A

to individuals that they would not receive in isolation

36
Q

society requires individuals

A

to forfeit some benefits

37
Q

certain key rights are

A

necessary to enjoy life

38
Q

crime lessens the quality of the bond that exists between

A

individuals and society

39
Q

Cesare Beccaria

A

Essay on Crimes and Punishments, punishment is based on the degree of injury caused, punishment must be swift and certain but severe enough to just outweigh the benefits from the crime

40
Q

Jeremy Bentham

A

An Introduction to the Principles of Moral Legislation, people are rational and weigh the consequences of behavior, punishment must be swift and certain

41
Q

Offense Specific

A

Is it worth it? Risks? Can I get away? Who will buy stolen goods? Anybody home/watching?

42
Q

Offender Specific

A

Do I have the skills and ability? Do I need to commit or am I desperate for $? Can I commit other crimes instead?

43
Q

Criminality

A

peers and guardians, sneaky thrills, economic need/ opportunity, competence and experience

44
Q

Crime

A

place and time: anybody home? choosing target, the get away!

45
Q

Situational Choice Theory

A

crime as a function of choices and decisions made within a context of situational constraints and opportunities, crime requires both motivation and opportunity, reduce crime by changing the environment

46
Q

Situational Crime Prevention

A

increase effort involved in crime, increase risks associated with crime, reduce rewards of crime, reduce provocations leading to crime, remove excuses

47
Q

Is crime rational?

A

yes, some cases

48
Q

Hard Determinism

A

Positivist Criminology

49
Q

Free Will

A

Classical Criminology

50
Q

Neoclassical view adds

A

retribution

51
Q

Just Deserts

A

just enough punishment to make you stop, he got his “just deserts”

52
Q

specific Detterence

A

seeks to prevent a particular offender from repeating criminality

53
Q

general deterrence

A

seeks to prevent others from committing similar crimes

54
Q

Determinate sentencing (legislative)

A

mandates a specific and fixed amount of time to be served for each offense category

55
Q

Truth in sentencing

A

individuals in prison are required to serve 85% of their sentence before release

56
Q

Incapacitation

A

the use of imprisonment to reduce likelihood that an offender will be able to commit future crimes

Intro to Criminology (1 decks)

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