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Z Nutrition Assessment Quiz #2 > Quiz #2 > Flashcards

Quiz #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a biomarker?

What does it involve?
Describe?

A

Involves the use of biologically available
chemicals inside the body that perform as
objective indicators of health/nutrition status

Involves a nutritional biomarker:
* An organic test used as an indicator of nutritional
status if it relates to the intake or metabolism of dietary
components
* Can be a biochemical, functional, or clinical index of
the status of an essential nutrient / dietary component

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2
Q

What is the function of biomarkers vs the effect of biomarkers?

A

Function
*Function biomarkers: help describe the role
of specific nutrients and potential interactions
between different nutrients in biological
systems.
*They also classify the roles of nutrients across
the lifespan and under different physiological
states.

Effect
Effect biomarkers: help us understand the
direct and indirect results—that is, those
affecting cells and those affecting system
function—of a nutrient deficiency.

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3
Q

What are four types of anemia?

Describe each?

A

Iron-deficiency anemia (Thalassemia): depletion of iron/poor iron absorption.

Pernicious anemia: a decrease in red blood cells that
occurs when the intestines cannot properly absorb vitamin
B12. (can cause megoblastic anemia to result)
Megoblastic anemia (large RBCs): Megaloblastic anemia is the main clinical indication of folate and vitamin B12 deficiency.

Hemolytic anemia: Hemolysis: The rupture or destruction of RBCs. Hemolytic anemia can occur as a result of hereditary or acquired disorders.

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4
Q

What are serum protein tests?

A

Creatine
Dietary protein
Albumin
Prealbumin (Transthyretin)
Transferrin
Retinol Binding Protein (RBP)

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5
Q

What are serum mineral tests related to iron?

A

Iron
Serum Ferritin (Iron)
Soluble Transferrin Receptor (sTfR)
Hematocrit
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
Mean Corpuscular volume
Iron

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6
Q

What are serum mineral tests

A

Iron related
Zinc
Calcium
Iodine
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sodium

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7
Q

What are serum Vitamin tests?

A

A
D
C
B6 (pyridoxine)
B9 (folate)
B12 (Cobalamin)

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8
Q

What are serum blood chemistry tests?

A

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
Bilirubin
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Cholesterol
LDL
HDL
Triglycerides
Blood glucose
A1C

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9
Q

4 general categories of biomarker tests?

A

Protein
Minerals
Vitamins
Blood chemistry

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10
Q

What does creatinine protein assessment measure?

A

Measures kidney function, high with muscle wasting or
malnutrition

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11
Q

What does dietary protein assessment measure?

A

Measures nutrient intake

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12
Q

What do albumin measurement indicate?

A

Low with acute infection, trauma
High with dehydration

(maintains oncotic pressure)

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13
Q

What does prealbumin (transthyretin) test measure?

A

high/low with liver disease; inflammation

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14
Q

What does transferrin do?

A

Transports iron from absorption centers in the
duodenum (intestines) and white-blood-cell
macrophages to all tissues

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15
Q

What do Retinol Binding protein (RBP) test indicate?

A

High with chronic illnesses (i.e. Type 2 Diabetes)

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16
Q

What does serum ferritin (iron) test indicate?

A

Low with iron-deficiency anemia
High in autoimmune conditions

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17
Q

What does soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and transferrin rest indicate?

A

High with iron-deficiency anemia

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18
Q

What can hemoglobin (Hgb) tests show?

A

When low in combination with low HCT & high/low MCV,
indicates iron-deficiency anemia

19
Q

What can hematocrit tests indicate?

A

High with sickle-cell anemia, thalassemia, and iron
deficiency

20
Q

What does Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) test indicate?

A

Low with iron deficiency and thalassemia
High with macrocytosis

21
Q

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) indicate?

A

High levels indicate B12 and/or folate deficiency
High/Low indicates iron-deficiency anemia

22
Q

What can zinc tests show?

A

Low in urine/blood with acute infection/trauma, GI
malabsorption, or nutrient deficiency
Often low in combination with low albumin
High in urine indicates too much dietary intake

23
Q

Calcium test indicate?

A

Low levels indicate hypocalcemia

24
Q

Iodine test indicate?

A

Low in cases of hypothyroidism, mental retardation,

25
Q

What are Phosphorous (P, PO4) tests used for?

A

high/low related to phosphorus/calicum-balance related
conditions

26
Q

Potassium (K) test used for?

A

High in hypkalemia; low in hypokalemia

27
Q

Sodium (Na) test indicate?

A

Low with hyponatremia (due to diarrhea/vomiting,
diuretics, kidney disease
High with hypernatremia (due to dehydration, Cusher’s
Syndrome)

28
Q

Vitamin A test indicate?

A

Low with dietary deficiency
May be artificially low with severe protein-calorie
malnutrition

29
Q

Vitamin D test indicate?

A

Low with autoimmune conditions, Type II diabetes,
rickets, osteopenia, osteoporosis
Low with poor dietary intake/low sunlight

30
Q

Vitamin C test show?

A

Deficiency rare, low with chronic smoking

31
Q

Vitamin B6 measurement?

A

Rare to be low, unless accompanied with low B12 and
folate
Can be low with illness

32
Q

Folate measurement?

A

May be low with poor dietary intake, excessive alcohol
consumption, malabsorption disorders
Often associated with low B12/B6

33
Q

B12 measurement?

A

Low with pernicious anemia, postsurgical malabsorption,
dietary deficiencies

34
Q

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) test indicate?

A

High indicates liver injury; extremely high indicate acute hepatitis or overwhelming exposure to toxin/drug

35
Q

High Bilirubin measurement indicate?

A

Elevated with jaundice, liver cirrhosis, pernicious anemia, acute hepatitis

36
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN measurement)?

A

High or low indicate poor liver or kidney function

37
Q

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) measurement?

A

high/low indicates imbalance acid-base

38
Q

Cholesterol measurement?

A

Below 200, low risk for CVD
Between 200-239 moderate risk for CVD
Above 240 high risk CVD

39
Q

Triglycerides measurement?

A

Less than 150 low risk for CVD
150-199 borderline high risk
200-500 high risk
Greater than 500, very high risk

40
Q

LDL measurement?

A

0-99 low risk
Above 99 moderate risk

41
Q

HDL measurement?

A

Above 40 low risk
Less than 40 moderate-high risk

42
Q

Most important thing in cholesterol measurements?

A

Note lipid ratio is greatest indicator
of risk!

43
Q

Blood glucose measurement?

A

0-99 normal; greater than 99 indicates increased risk for
type II diabetes. Sometimes elevated with illness

44
Q

A1C measurement?

A

Indicates long-term blood sugar status:
5.7-6.4% prediabetes
6.5% or greater indicates type II diabetes

Z Nutrition Assessment Quiz #2 (1 decks)

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