quiz 2 Flashcards
what are the 4 nitrogenous bases?
adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G)
(just know by ATCG)
what holds strands of DNA together?
hydrogen bonds
true or false: RNA is single stranded, U instead of T
true
what is mitosis?
when one cell divides into two, and the new cells are identical to the original cell
function - reproduction, growth, repair, replacement
what is meiosis?
cell division process for creating reproductive cells (sperm and egg), producing cells with half the chromosome number for genetic diversity in offspring
what is a diploid?
cell with full number of chromosomes
what is a haploid?
half chromosomes
what is gamete?
eggs & sperm
what is zygote?
cell when 2 gametes come together to fertilize
what are the parts of a cell membrane?
phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates
what is genetic disposition?
the range of possible characteristics an organism’s DNA sends
flip card for chronological order of discovery of DNA —–>
- swiss chemist Johann Miescher discovers “nuclein”
- german biochemist Albrecht Kossel discovers composition of DNA
- biochem professor Erwin Chargaff discovered relationship between A & T and C & G (the 4 nitrogenous bases)
- watson & crick build model of DNA using xray pics taken by Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins
○ double helix shape determined - around same time, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase confirmed that DNA was the means of heredity
fill in the blank: DNA is wound around proteins called ___
histones (they’re proteins that help package and organize DNA into structural units called nucleosomes)
what is a helicase?
enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds between base pairs
HELI - enzyme
ASE - splits helix apart
true or false: free nucleotides in the nucleus are matched to each template strand
true
