quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 4 nitrogenous bases?

A

adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G)
(just know by ATCG)

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2
Q

what holds strands of DNA together?

A

hydrogen bonds

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3
Q

true or false: RNA is single stranded, U instead of T

A

true

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4
Q

what is mitosis?

A

when one cell divides into two, and the new cells are identical to the original cell
function - reproduction, growth, repair, replacement

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5
Q

what is meiosis?

A

cell division process for creating reproductive cells (sperm and egg), producing cells with half the chromosome number for genetic diversity in offspring

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6
Q

what is a diploid?

A

cell with full number of chromosomes

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7
Q

what is a haploid?

A

half chromosomes

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8
Q

what is gamete?

A

eggs & sperm

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9
Q

what is zygote?

A

cell when 2 gametes come together to fertilize

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10
Q

what are the parts of a cell membrane?

A

phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates

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11
Q

what is genetic disposition?

A

the range of possible characteristics an organism’s DNA sends

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12
Q

flip card for chronological order of discovery of DNA —–>

A
  • swiss chemist Johann Miescher discovers “nuclein”
  • german biochemist Albrecht Kossel discovers composition of DNA
  • biochem professor Erwin Chargaff discovered relationship between A & T and C & G (the 4 nitrogenous bases)
  • watson & crick build model of DNA using xray pics taken by Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins
    ○ double helix shape determined
  • around same time, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase confirmed that DNA was the means of heredity
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13
Q

fill in the blank: DNA is wound around proteins called ___

A

histones (they’re proteins that help package and organize DNA into structural units called nucleosomes)

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14
Q

what is a helicase?

A

enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds between base pairs

HELI - enzyme
ASE - splits helix apart

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15
Q

true or false: free nucleotides in the nucleus are matched to each template strand

A

true

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16
Q

true or false: DNA polymerase helps bond the backbone of the newly paired nucleotides together

A

true yay wow what a surprise

17
Q

what is semiconservative process?

A

half of each new DNA is made from half of the old strand

18
Q

what are the monomers of DNA?

A

nucleotides

19
Q

what is a polymer?

A

many monomers wow you’re so smart bet you neverrrr would’ve guessed that🙄