Quiz 2 Flashcards
Knowledge requires:
belief, truth of the matter, and evidence
An experience can be evidence if…
other evidence doesn’t contradict it
Habit of a good researcher:
being able to draw a conclusion from all evidence
Informal fallacy of appeal to pity example
A student asks a teacher to give him an A for a course so that he can get into medical school
A deductively valid argument:
An argument that guarantees the truth of the conclusion if its premises are all true
In a valid deductive argument, the conclusion may be false even if the premises are all true
False
A strong inductive argument may have a false conclusion even if all the premises are true
True
What is true of generalization?
Polls are a type of generalization
The success of an argument by analogy depends on…
The extent of the similarities/dissimilarities of objects paired together and the relevance of the similarities and the premises (all)
A causal argument:
An argument that concludes that one thing is the cause of other things
Syllogism is…
a deductive argument with two premises and a conclusion
What is associated with morality throughout the world?
Happiness
A moral value:
Compassion
Conscience has…
emotional components to it
What is true of moral theories?
They help us to explain why some actions are right or wrong
Cultural relativism is
a theory that claims that a standard of a culture determines what is right/wrong for members of that culture
Having good research and inquiry skills are
Being able to ask the right questions
Effective decision-making elements:
setting long-term and short-term goals, developing a realistic plan for achieving a goal, and building flexibility into a plan (all)
Hundreds who would have otherwise might have been saved from Hurricane Katrina died due to what critical thinking error?
Lack of preparedness
Ways emotion can help us reason better:
Notice problems, move us to resolve problems, consider problems from others’ perspectives
When a doctor lies/represses information to avoid patient’s emotional turmoil
Benevolent Deception
A behavior that is motivated by the desire to benefit another without the expectation of personal reward/gain is
Altruistic behavior
Briefly explain Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative and Idea of Goodwill
It is all about intention, do you have positive or negative motives when it comes to doing good works?
How might a utilitarianism support the death penalty?
(Greatest happiness for greatest number of people) Killing a serial killer or someone who inflicts mass harm will prevent a greater a number of people from being harmed. The ending of one life prevents the deaths of many others.
