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quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

pragmatics

A

the study of how appropriate a meaning is in a given situation/context

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2
Q

semantics

A

linguistic study of meaning

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3
Q

polysemy

A

words that have the same forms and multiple related meanings

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4
Q

homophony

A

different meanings but pronounced the same way (and may or may not have the same spelling)

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5
Q

synonyms

A

words that are very closely related/have the same meaning in some or all contexts

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6
Q

antonyms

A

two words with opposite meanings

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7
Q

lexical ambiguity

A

at least one words in a phrase has more than one meaning (often based on homophony and polysemy

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8
Q

phonetics

A

the study of the physical sounds of human speech

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9
Q

oral

A

air exits only from oral cavity, bilabial oral stop: buy

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10
Q

nasal

A

air exits through oral and nasal cavities, bilabial nasal stop: my

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11
Q

voiceless

A

free flow of air, voiceless bilabial stop: pie

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12
Q

voiced

A

vocal folds vibrate, voiced bilabial stop: buy

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13
Q

consonants

A

sounds that obstruct air flow

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14
Q

vowels

A

sounds that don’t obstruct

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15
Q

manner of articulation

A

the way the airstream is affected as it flows from the lungs and out the nose and mouth

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16
Q

place of articulation

A

The point of maximum constriction is made by the coming together of the two lips

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17
Q

phonology

A

is the study the mental representation and organisation of those phonetic signals

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18
Q

phoneme

A

are the smallest linguistic units (building blocks) available to a language for combining into words

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19
Q

allophone

A

are the linguistically non-significant variants of each phoneme. In other words a phoneme may be realised by more than one speech sound and the selection of each variant is usually conditioned by the phonetic environment of the phoneme

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20
Q

complementary distribution

A

a situation in which sound variants never occur in the same phonetic environment

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21
Q

minimal pairs & contrast

A

pairs of words differing by only one sound in the same position in each word if the items of the pair have different meanings the two sounds are contrastive

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22
Q

phonotactic constraints

A

rules concerning permissible phoneme combinations within a syllable are an example of language specific rules

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23
Q

morpheme

A

the parts of the words that carry meaning-meaning bearing linguistic units

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24
Q

content words

A

words that carry semantic content (e.g: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs)

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25
Q

function words

A

words taht specify grammatical relations rather than have semantic content (a, an, the, and, but, or)

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26
Q

free morpheme

A

a part of a word that can be a word by itself

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27
Q

bound morpheme

A

a morpheme that cannot stand alone but rather must occur with another morpheme

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28
Q

derivational morpheme

A

a morpheme that changes that changes the meaning and for grammatical category of a word (-ness, -ly, -er, -y)

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29
Q

inflectional morpheme

A

a morpheme that alters the grammatical form of a word, without changing meaning (-s, -er (comparing), -ing, ed, ‘s)

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30
Q

affixation

A

creating a new derivation or inflection by adding affixes (bound morpheme) to a base

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31
Q

reduplication

A

creating a new derivation or inflection by repeating all or part of an existing word

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32
Q

blending

A

creating a new word from parts of two (or more) existing words

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33
Q

compoundings

A

creating a new word by combing two or more existing (free morphemes)

34
Q

clipping

A

creating anew word by shortening existing multi-syllable words

35
Q

backformation

A

creating a new word by removing an affix (real or misanalysed) from another in the language (editor (noun) > edit (verb))

36
Q

prefixes

A

affix before a base

37
Q

suffixes

A

affix after a base

38
Q

infixes

A

affix within a base

39
Q

circumfixes

A

affixes surrounding a base

40
Q

use varying degrees of affixation to form words including morphemes representing grammatical relationships, making word order less important

A

synthetic language

41
Q

analytic languages

A

use sequences of free morphemes as words (i.e. concepts are represented by separate words rather than affixes) which results in more dependence on word order to represent grammatical relationships

42
Q

the study of how appropriate a meaning is in a given situation/context

A

pragmatics

43
Q

linguistic study of meaning

44
Q

words that have the same forms and multiple related meanings

45
Q

different meanings but pronounced the same way (and may or may not have the same spelling)

46
Q

words that are very closely related/have the same meaning in some or all contexts

47
Q

two words with opposite meanings

48
Q

at least one words in a phrase has more than one meaning (often based on homophony and polysemy

A

lexical ambiguity

49
Q

the study of the physical sounds of human speech

50
Q

air exits only from oral cavity, bilabial oral stop: buy

51
Q

air exits through oral and nasal cavities, bilabial nasal stop: my

52
Q

free flow of air, voiceless bilabial stop: pie

53
Q

vocal folds vibrate, voiced bilabial stop: buy

54
Q

sounds that obstruct air flow

A

consonants

55
Q

sounds that don’t obstruct

56
Q

the way the airstream is affected as it flows from the lungs and out the nose and mouth

A

manner of articulation

57
Q

is a location along the vocal tract where the production of a consonant occurs

A

place of articulation

58
Q

is the study the mental representation and organisation of those phonetic signals

59
Q

are the smallest linguistic units (building blocks) available to a language for combining into words

60
Q

any of the various phonetic realisations of a phoneme in a language, which do not contribute to distinctions of meaning

61
Q

a situation in which sound variants never occur in the same phonetic environment

A

complementary distribution

62
Q

pairs of words differing by only one sound in the same position in each word if the items of the pair have different meanings the two sounds are contrastive

A

minimal pairs & contrast

63
Q

rules concerning permissible phoneme combinations within a syllable are an example of language specific rules

A

phonotactic constraints

64
Q

the parts of the words that carry meaning-meaning bearing linguistic units

65
Q

words that carry semantic content (e.g: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs)

A

content words

66
Q

words taht specify grammatical relations rather than have semantic content (a, an, the, and, but, or)

A

function words

67
Q

a part of a word that can be a word by itself

A

free morpheme

68
Q

a morpheme that cannot stand alone but rather must occur with another morpheme

A

bound morpheme

69
Q

a morpheme that changes that changes the meaning and for grammatical category of a word (-ness, -ly, -er, -y)

A

derivational morpheme

70
Q

a morpheme that alters the grammatical form of a word, without changing meaning (-s, -er (comparing), -ing, ed, ‘s)

A

inflectional morpheme

71
Q

creating a new derivation or inflection by adding affixes (bound morpheme) to a base

A

affixation

72
Q

creating a new derivation or inflection by repeating all or part of an existing word

A

reduplication

73
Q

creating a new word from parts of two (or more) existing words

74
Q

creating a new word by combing two or more existing (free morphemes)

A

compoundings

75
Q

creating anew word by shortening existing multi-syllable words

76
Q

creating a new word by removing an affix (real or misanalysed) from another in the language (editor (noun) > edit (verb))

A

backformation

77
Q

affix before a base

78
Q

affix after a base

79
Q

affix within a base

80
Q

affixes surrounding a base

A

circumfixes

81
Q

use varying degrees of affixation to form words including morphemes representing grammatical relationships, making word order less important

A

synthetic language

82
Q

use sequences of free morphemes as words (i.e. concepts are represented by separate words rather than affixes) which results in more dependence on word order to represent grammatical relationships

A

analytic languages

Linguistics (2 decks)

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