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PHGY 311 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 key downstream signalling molecules of INDUCTION of LTP at the Schaeffer collateral synapse?

A
  • CAMKII is activated by auto-phosphorylation
  • Nitric Oxid synthase signals trans-synaptically to the presynaptic terminal
  • Protein Kinase C triggers AMPA receptor insertion
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2
Q

What are 2 mechanisms of EXPRESSION of LTP at the Schaeffer collateral synapse?

A
  • More neuratransmitter released
  • More AMPARs and more sensitive AMPARs to pick up neurotransmitter signal with
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3
Q

When p changes, is the LTP pre or post synaptic?

A

p vesicle change = presynaptic expression

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4
Q

When q (quantal amplitude) changes, is the LTP pre or post synaptic?

A

quantal amplitude change = postsynaptic expression

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5
Q

When n changes, is the LTP pre or post synaptic?

A

neither

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6
Q

What does late LTP requires that early LTP does not require?

A

protein synthesis

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7
Q

How can late LTP be expressed?

A

via addition of contacts (n increased)

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8
Q

What could NMDAR dependance explain?

A
  • Cooperatively
  • Input specificity
  • Associativity
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9
Q

Why does high frequency stimulation induce LTP?

A

because the is accumulation of Ca2+

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10
Q

If STP (ratio) is affected, where is the LTP expressed?

A

On the presynaptic side

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11
Q

What is spike-timing-dependant plasticity?

A

pre before post firing
(aligned with Hebbian postulate if pre fires just before post (within 25ms)

If post fires before or more than 25ms after –> LTD

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12
Q

How is CV found?

A

CV = SD/mean

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13
Q

How does changes in noise (failure peak) affect CV?

A

p release causes noisy neurotransmission so changes in noise levels implies change in p release

CV is a measure of noise

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14
Q

How is LTD expressed pre and post-synaptically?

A

Pre: reduction of Ca 2+ available (reduces p release)
Post: partial blocking of AMPA receptors with CNQX (reduces quantal amplitude)

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15
Q

To what is p proportional?

A

p proportional to 1/CV^2

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16
Q

How is background noise level seen in the graph?

A

wider peaks

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17
Q

When does quantal analysis become ineffective (not precise enough)?

A

When noise levels or n increase beyond a certain point

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18
Q

How can yuo calculate p with a quantal release graph (where you have the peaks and or cumulative)?

A
  1. Do weight avg
  2. E=npq (isolate p)
19
Q

What are 3 ways to assess indirectly the expression of LTP?

A
  • Analysis of the rate of failure
  • Analysis of STP
  • Analysis of CV (When too much noise of n in the quantal release graph, treat it as 1 binomail distribution)
20
Q

For LTD, on the CV analysis graph, where are the arrows for pre and post-synaptic plasticity?

A

mean normalized < 1
PRE = under diagonal
POST = over diagonal

*makes a line between pre for LTP and LTD

21
Q

For LTP, on the CV analysis graph, where are the arrows for pre and post-synaptic plasticity?

A

mean normalized > 1
PRE = over diagonal
POST = under diagonal

22
Q

How does 1/CV2 change for pre and post synaptic LTP?

A

PRE: 1/CV2 changes (p release changes)
POST: CV does not change are SD and mean scale up or down together

23
Q

The width of a typical action potential at half of its height is: 1 μs, 1 ms, or 1 ns?

A

1 ms

24
Q

The magnitude of a connection from one layer-5 pyramidal cell to another layer-5 pyramidal cell could be: 1 nA, 1 μS, or 1 mV?

A

1 mV

25
Q

The latency between the spike and EPSP onset is: 100 μs, 1 ms, or 10 ms?

A

1 ms

26
Q

The muscle membrane time constant at the neuromuscular junction is:
25 μs, 1 ms, or 25 ms?

A

1 ms (very short bc no summation)

27
Q

The amplitude of a synaptic response at the neuromuscular junction could be:
1 nA, 1 μS, or 1 mV?

A

1 nA

28
Q

The amplitude of a typical action potential, from spike threshold to peak, is:
50 pA, 5 mV, 50 mV?

A

50 mV

29
Q

The diameter of a typical layer-5 pyramidal cell soma is:
2 μm, 20 μm, 200 μm?

A

20 μm

30
Q

Neocortex is approximately this thick: 100 μm, 1 mm, 10 mm?

A

1 mm

31
Q

A typical value for a neuron’s resting membrane potential is:
-7 mV, -70 μV, -70 mV?

A

-70 mV

32
Q

The input resistance, Rin, of a central nervous system neuron could be:
1 GΩ, 100 MΩ, 10 MΩ?

A

100 MΩ

33
Q

A synaptic response amplitude was measured to 1 mV. This is typical of: the NMJ, the Calyx of Held, a CNS synapse?

A

CNS synapse

34
Q

In a layer-5 pyramidal cell, 𝜏m is typically: 25 μs, 1 ms, or 25 ms?

A

25 ms (make summation)

35
Q

The chloride reversal potential, EGABA, could be: -80 mV, 0 mV, +40 mV?

A

-80 mV

36
Q

The number, n, of synaptic contacts between a pair of connected layer-5 pyramidal cells could be: 5, 50, 500?

A

5

37
Q

The AMPA reversal potential, Esyn, could be: -80 mV, 0 mV, +40 mV?

A

0 mV

38
Q

In voltage clamp, the magnitude of a monosynaptic response between CNS
excitatory cells could be: 0.1 μA, 10 pA, 1 nA?

A

10 pA

39
Q

The NMDA receptor reversal potential could be: -80 mV, 0 mV, +40 mV?

A

0 mV

40
Q

Early LTP typically lasts: 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week?

A

1 hour

41
Q

At the NMJ, the spontaneous endplate potential could reasonable be measured to be: 0.5 mV, 5 mV, 50 mV?

A

0.5 mV

42
Q

How does vesicle depletion evolve mathematically ?
(STD)

A

every spike, 1-d is released and d is left in the presyn terminal

D → Dd

RRP replenishes so that dD/dt= 1 - D/tD

replenishment = 1-e(-t/tao)

43
Q

what is d (fraction of vesicles left in the presynaptic terminal) inversely related to?

A

d inversly related to p release

44
Q

How does residual Calcium buildup evolve mathematically ?

A

F → F + f
RRP replenishes so that dF/dt= 1 - F/tF

decay = e(-t/tao)

PHGY 311 (3 decks)

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