Quiz 2

Question 1

Bronsted Lowry acid

Answer 1

Proton donator

deprotonated

Question 2

Bronsted Lowry base

Answer 2

proton acceptor

protonated

Question 3

for acids: strong=

Answer 3

reactive and unstable

Question 4

conjugate acid

Answer 4

the acid formed after a base is protonated

Question 5

conjugate base

Answer 5

the base formed after an acid is deprotonated

Question 6

True or false?

An acid can lose a proton without a base present?

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Explain where the arrows for a proton transfer are placed

Answer 7

1. first arrow is placed going from the atom to be protonated to the H
2. second arrow is placed from the proton bond to the atom that originally held the proton

pay attention to charges

Question 8

Always placed the tail end of an arrow at a place of —-

Answer 8

electron density

Question 9

the — the pka value the — the acid

Answer 9

lower, stronger

or higher, weaker

Question 10

Equilibrium will favor—

Answer 10

the movement of electrons to form more stable atoms

away from strong acids

Question 11

CARIO

Answer 11

1. Charge
2. the Atom the charge is placed on
3. Resonance
4. Induction
5. Orbitals

Question 12

CARIO

explain what charge means

Answer 12

Charge: an atom with no charge/ neutral will be more stable than one with a charge

unlikely you will come across a base with no charge

Question 13

CARIO

explain what atom means

Answer 13

what atom is the charge placed on?
1. comparing two atoms in the same period: a more electronegative atom is more stable
2. comparing two atoms in the same group: a larger atom is more stable

Check resonance before any final decisions

Question 14

CARIO

explain resonance

Answer 14

the atom with more valid resonance structures will be more stable and have the stronger acid

Question 15

CARIO

Explain Induction

Answer 15

the more electronegative atoms present the more stable the molecule is, as well as the closer the electronegative atom the more stable it is

Question 16

CARIO

Explain Orbitals

Answer 16

an atom that resides in an orbital with more s character after being deprotonated will be more stable

sp>sp2>sp3

Question 17

Name the two exceptions to CARIO

that you need to know

Answer 17

1. the con. bases of HCl and H2SO4- are more stable than water (so dont worry about charge)
2. If you have a terminal alkyne and an amine the alkynes deprotonated form will be more stable than the amine because of the sp orbital

Question 18

Counter ions

Answer 18

aka spectator ions, do not participate in rxns and can be ignored when performing CARIO

Question 19

Lewis acid

Answer 19

electron pair acceptor

Question 20

Lewis base

Answer 20

electron pair donor

Question 21

All acids that qualify as B.L acids —- qualifiy as —acids

Answer 21

do, lewis

Question 22

Hydrocarbons that only contain single bonds, number of hydrogens maximized

Answer 22

alkanes/ saturated hydrocarbons

Question 23

Why can alkanes form conformations?

Answer 23

Because they experience free rotation about thier C-C bonds

Question 24

Newman Projection

Answer 24

a method developed to depict alkanes from a straight-on POV to see where groups are in relation to each other

Question 25

Torsional/dihedral angle

Answer 25

the angle between a front and back group on a newman projection

Question 26

staggard conformation

Answer 26

lower in E, all groups spaced evenly apart

the favored conformation

Question 27

Eclipsed conformation

Answer 27

Higher in E, groups are close together

torsional and steric strain

Question 28

Which kind of conformation does torsional strain appear in?

Answer 28

eclipsed

Question 29

Which kind of conformation does steric strain appear in?

Answer 29

can be found in staggard or eclipsed

Question 30

Twisted, only happens in eclipsed conformation

Answer 30

Torsional strain

Question 31

Happens between bulky groups that are not H groups, can happen in eclipsed or in staggard conformation

must be between two non H groups

Answer 31

Steric strain

Question 32

Gauche conformations

Answer 32

steric strain in staggard conformation

Question 33

Angle strain

Answer 33

the effects when a molecules bond angles differ too greatly from 109.5

seen in rings smaller and larger than 5/6 C

Question 34

why are non ideal bond angles bad?

Answer 34

bc it leads to poor orbital overlap

Question 35

Name the two most stable conformations of cyclohexane

Answer 35

Boat and Chair conformation

Question 36

Is the boat or the chair conformation more stable?

Answer 36

chair conformation bc it has no torsional or angle strain

Question 37

Every cyclohexane can have a max of — chair conformations

Answer 37

two