quiz 2/14

Question 1

equestrians

Answer 1

one of the 3 military/political groups in rome; T Gracchus granted control of the courts during his reforms, but sulla transferred to the senate around 81 bc in order to increase the power of the senatorial class; proscribed many equites for backing marius; used to mean only cavalry men in the army (who could afford their own horse)

Question 2

tiberius gracchus

Answer 2

born 169, assassinated during riot in 133 bc; tribune 133 bc; sponsored agrarian reforms to restore agricultural peasant class by redistributing public lands to landless citizens; his tribunate marked the beginning of the “roman revolution” with his lack of respect for mos maiorum and the introduction of political murder

Question 3

m octavius

Answer 3

tribune who in 133 opposed T Gracchus’s agrarian reforms and vetoed them; Gracchus unprecedentedly removed Octavius from office by a vote of the Assembly to allow his bill to pass; this unconventional move was one of the catalysts for his assassination

Question 4

fulvius flaccus

Answer 4

charmain of the land commission for the gracchan reforms and consul in 125; tried to solve problems with the land distribution by offering italians citizenship in return for bringing their public land holdings under the gracchan law; aroused fears so he was ordered by the senate to fight in southern france instead of continuing his proposal; killed with gaius in 122

Question 5

gaius gracchus

Answer 5

became tribune 123, had served on tiberius’s commission and supported flaccus’s plan; advanced general reforms in rome to 1) increase public revenues and pass the benefit to the people and 2) and raise the equites to a position where they could supervise the senate and make it more responsible; tried to extend citizenship to latins and rights to other italians but he was unsuccesful; killed with flaccus in 122; many measures were abolished but the power given to wealthy nonsenators remained and the land distributions temporarily strengthened the peasantry

Question 6

lex acilia

Answer 6

passed 123 bc by Gaius gracchus making the equites jurors in courts overseeing the senators to prevent corruption

Question 7

lucius opimius

Answer 7

praetor 125 bc who crushed the revolt of fregellae; when gaius graccus and flaccus took to violence he obtained senatus consultum ultimum which he interpreted to grant him unlimited authority and crushed the rebellion by killing many

Question 8

senatus consultum ultimum

Answer 8

ultimate decree of the senate in times of emergency urging magistrates to take measures to defend the state; first invoked by opimius against gracchus and flaccus; has led to deaths of citizens without trial

Question 9

jugurtha

Answer 9

king of numidia; reigned 118-105 bc; murdered the king of cirta who was an ally of rome so rome declared war on numidia in 112 despite his attempts at bribery; but he bribed his way out of the war; when called to appear in front of the senate for this, he murdered an opponent who was in rome, so they declared war on him again and

Question 10

m livius drusus

Question 11

mithridates

Question 12

pontus

Question 13

numidia

Question 14

quintus caecilius metellus numidicus

Answer 14

general sent to fight jugurtha in 109, who used his own tricks of deceit/delay against him to make significant progress in the war on numidia; optimate; bitter opponent of marius, who claimed he was causing unnecessary delay and replaced him as general against jugurtha

Question 15

gaius marius

Question 16

l cornelius sulla

Question 17

cimbri and teutones

Question 18

proletarii

Question 19

gallia narbonensis

Question 20

l appuleius saturninus

Question 21

the social (italic) war

Question 22

l cornelius. sulla

Question 23

bithynia