Quiz 2

Question 1

When the resident microbiota prevents the establishment of a pathogen it is called

Answer 1

Microbial antagonism

Question 2

The ____ is the time between an encounter with a pathogen and the first symptoms

Answer 2

Incubations

Question 3

The number of cases, including new cases as well as already existing cases, in a defined period of time is

Answer 3

Prevalence

Question 4

Step 3

Answer 4

Microbe overcomes host defense

Question 5

Step 2

Answer 5

Microbe attaches to receptor on host

Question 6

Step 1

Answer 6

Microbe enters through the portal of entry

Question 7

Step 4

Answer 7

disease is established

Question 8

A microorganism Carrie’s _____ markers and B cell carrier _____ markers

Answer 8

Nonself and self

Question 9

Which of the following cells are lymphocytes

Answer 9

B cells

Question 10

The initial reaction to the presence of viruses in a human cell is the production of ___ by that cell

Answer 10

Interferon

Question 11

The normal microbiota is part of the ___ line of defense

Answer 11

First

Question 12

Compartmentalized network of vessels, cells, and specialized accessory organs that houses aggregates of lymphocytes

Answer 12

Lymphatic system

Question 13

Components of the first line of defense include all the following except

Answer 13

Phagocytes white blood cells

Question 14

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyses the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is

Answer 14

Lysozyme

Question 15

Innate chemical defenses include

Answer 15

Skins acidic pH and fatty acids

Question 16

A properly functioning immune system is responsible for

Answer 16

Destruction of foreign material
Sue alliance the body
Recognition of foreign material

Question 17

The term _____ is given to any foreign substance that stimulates a specific immune system response

Answer 17

Antigen

Question 18

Infections occur when

Answer 18

Pathogens enter and multiply in body tissues

Question 19

The human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal biota

Answer 19

Before birth, in utero

Question 20

Opportunity pathogens

Answer 20

Cause disease in compromised individuals

Question 21

Which of the following is not a factor that weakens host defenses against infections

Answer 21

Strong , healthy body

Question 22

An infectious agent that originates from outside the body is called

Answer 22

Exogenous

Question 23

Which of the following is not an anti phagocytes factor

Answer 23

Adhearing to the host

Question 24

The stage of an infectious disease when specific sign and symptoms are seen and the pathogen is at peak activity is the

Answer 24

Acute phase

Question 25

The subjective evidence of disease sensed by the patient is termed an

Answer 25

Symptom

Question 26

Infections that go unnoticed because there are no symptoms are called

Answer 26

Asymptomatic

Question 27

An animal such as a anthropod, that transmits a pathogen from one host to another is a

Answer 27

Vector

Question 28

____ Carriers are shedding and transmitting pathogens a long time after they have recovered from an infectious disease

Answer 28

Chronic

Question 29

Which of the following is a transmission of disease from mother to fetus

Answer 29

Vertical

Question 30

The total number of deaths in a population due to disease is the ____ rate

Answer 30

Mortality

Question 31

What is the goal of the human micro biome project

Answer 31

To provide comprehensive characterization of microbiota relating to human health and disease

Question 32

If an infectious disease emerges that was highly contagious and virulent , resulting in certain death with no known cure, epidemiological data would show

Answer 32

A high incidence and low prevalence

Question 33

Epidemiology is the study of disease in the

Answer 33

Community

Question 34

Which of the following fluid compartments is not a partner in immune function

Answer 34

Intracellular fluid

Question 35

Which white blood cells comprise 3% to 7% of circulating WBCs, are phagocytic, and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages

Answer 35

Monocytes

Question 36

What structures are found along lymphatics vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit groin and neck

Answer 36

Lymph nodes

Question 37

The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation is

Answer 37

Warmth pain swelling redness

Question 38

All of the following pertain to interferon except it

Answer 38

Increases capillary permeability and vasodilation

Question 39

An example of natural active immunity would be

Answer 39

Chickenpox infection followed by lifelong immunity