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Exam Quizzes 1-4 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

When the resident microbiota prevents the establishment of a pathogen it is called

A

Microbial antagonism

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2
Q

The ____ is the time between an encounter with a pathogen and the first symptoms

A

Incubations

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3
Q

The number of cases, including new cases as well as already existing cases, in a defined period of time is

A

Prevalence

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4
Q

Step 3

A

Microbe overcomes host defense

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5
Q

Step 2

A

Microbe attaches to receptor on host

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6
Q

Step 1

A

Microbe enters through the portal of entry

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7
Q

Step 4

A

disease is established

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8
Q

A microorganism Carrie’s _____ markers and B cell carrier _____ markers

A

Nonself and self

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9
Q

Which of the following cells are lymphocytes

A

B cells

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10
Q

The initial reaction to the presence of viruses in a human cell is the production of ___ by that cell

A

Interferon

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11
Q

The normal microbiota is part of the ___ line of defense

A

First

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12
Q

Compartmentalized network of vessels, cells, and specialized accessory organs that houses aggregates of lymphocytes

A

Lymphatic system

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13
Q

Components of the first line of defense include all the following except

A

Phagocytes white blood cells

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14
Q

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyses the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is

A

Lysozyme

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15
Q

Innate chemical defenses include

A

Skins acidic pH and fatty acids

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16
Q

A properly functioning immune system is responsible for

A

Destruction of foreign material
Sue alliance the body
Recognition of foreign material

17
Q

The term _____ is given to any foreign substance that stimulates a specific immune system response

A

Antigen

18
Q

Infections occur when

A

Pathogens enter and multiply in body tissues

19
Q

The human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal biota

A

Before birth, in utero

20
Q

Opportunity pathogens

A

Cause disease in compromised individuals

21
Q

Which of the following is not a factor that weakens host defenses against infections

A

Strong , healthy body

22
Q

An infectious agent that originates from outside the body is called

A

Exogenous

23
Q

Which of the following is not an anti phagocytes factor

A

Adhearing to the host

24
Q

The stage of an infectious disease when specific sign and symptoms are seen and the pathogen is at peak activity is the

A

Acute phase

25
Q

The subjective evidence of disease sensed by the patient is termed an

A

Symptom

26
Q

Infections that go unnoticed because there are no symptoms are called

A

Asymptomatic

27
Q

An animal such as a anthropod, that transmits a pathogen from one host to another is a

A

Vector

28
Q

____ Carriers are shedding and transmitting pathogens a long time after they have recovered from an infectious disease

A

Chronic

29
Q

Which of the following is a transmission of disease from mother to fetus

A

Vertical

30
Q

The total number of deaths in a population due to disease is the ____ rate

A

Mortality

31
Q

What is the goal of the human micro biome project

A

To provide comprehensive characterization of microbiota relating to human health and disease

32
Q

If an infectious disease emerges that was highly contagious and virulent , resulting in certain death with no known cure, epidemiological data would show

A

A high incidence and low prevalence

33
Q

Epidemiology is the study of disease in the

A

Community

34
Q

Which of the following fluid compartments is not a partner in immune function

A

Intracellular fluid

35
Q

Which white blood cells comprise 3% to 7% of circulating WBCs, are phagocytic, and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages

A

Monocytes

36
Q

What structures are found along lymphatics vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit groin and neck

A

Lymph nodes

37
Q

The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation is

A

Warmth pain swelling redness

38
Q

All of the following pertain to interferon except it

A

Increases capillary permeability and vasodilation

39
Q

An example of natural active immunity would be

A

Chickenpox infection followed by lifelong immunity

Exam Quizzes 1-4 (4 decks)

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