Quiz 2 Flashcards
race
a flawed system of classification, with no biological basis, that uses certain physical characteristics to divide the human population
racism
individuals thoughts, actions, institutional patterns, and policies that produce unequal attainment to power, privilege, resources, and opportunities based on imagined differences among groups
genotype
inherited genetic factors that provide the outline for an individuals physicality
phenotype
the way genes are expressed in physical form as a result of genotype interaction among environmental factors
colonialism
when a nation-state extends political, economic, and military power over its borders over a long span of time with the end goal of attaining raw materials, cheap labor, and markets in other locations
whiteness
culturally constructed concept designed to establish clear boundaries as to who is and isn’t white
jim crow
laws put into place post civil war meant to enforce segregation legally after slavery
racialization
the process of categorizing, differentiating, and attributing a particular racial character to a person or group
individual racism
personal, prejudiced beliefs and discriminatory actions based on race
institutional racism
patterns by which racial inequality is structured through key cultural institutions, polices, and systems
racial ideology
a set of popular ideas about race that allows discriminatory behaviors to seem reasonable and normal
intersectionality
how factors such as race, gender, and class interact to shape individual life chances and patterns of stratification
sex
culturally agreed upon physical differences, namely biological, between male and female
gender
outward expression, expectations, and behavior that cultures assign to different sexes
cultural construction of gender
ways humans learn to recognize masculine and feminine behaviors within their cultural context
gender stratification
unequal distribution of power, resources, opportunities, and rights tied to gender differences
gender ideology
a set of stereotypical cultural ideas about gender that functions to create further gender stratification
anthropocene
our current historical era in which human activity is permanently altering the planet
multispecies ethnography
ethnographic research designed to consider the interactions of all species living on the planet and see the world from a more than human perspective
ecotourism
tours of remote natural environments designed to support local communities and their conservation efforts
settler colonialism
displacement and pacification of indigenous people and expropriation of their lands and resources
