Quiz 2

Question 1

Northwest Passage

Answer 1

– Waterway through the North American land mass

Question 2

– First settlement established by the British in North America​
Colonists came for profit and religious freedom​

They thought it was strategic for both agriculture and piracy​

This town almost collapsed due to disease​

Turns out Tobacco grows well in the Chesapeake ​

Colonists governed themselves in this town​

Answer 2

Jamestown (1607)

Question 3

– Separatists who wanted to break away from the church of England and came to America on the Mayflower in 1620 and settled in Plymouth, Mass​

Answer 3

Pilgrims (1620)

Question 4

– Rules for Self-Government established by Pilgrims​

Answer 4

Mayflower Compact

Question 5

– Non-separatists who wanted to reform the Church of England and settled in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.​

Answer 5

Puritans (1630)

Question 6

Founded by William Penn​

Natives and settlers would live together in harmony​

Freedom of religion would be paramount​

“The best poor man’s country”​

Answer 6

Pennsylvania (1681) ​

Question 7

• economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports and minimize the imports for an economy. ​

Answer 7

Mercantilism

Question 8

• The trade occurring between England, Africa, and the Americas.​

Sugar becomes a great example of this trade​

Sugar went to colonies and was turned into rum​

Answer 8

The Triangle Trade

Question 9

Goods must travel on English or colonial ships​

Enumerated Commodities – Certain products could only be exported directly to Britain or British colonial ports​

British maintained a monopoly on exporting manufactured goods to the colonies​

Some products were given preferential treatment​

Answer 9

Five Main Features of Mercantilism​

Question 10

– War between England and France in the colonies between 1754–1763​

More English troops in the colonies​

Colonists such as George Washington gain military experience​

England has wartime debts it needs to pay​

Answer 10

Seven Years War (French & Indian War)

Question 11

• Plan to place the British North American colonies under a more centralized government​

Answer 11

The Albany Plan of Union (1754)

Question 12

– a treaty that officially ended the 7 years war​

Answer 12

Treaty of Paris (1763)

Question 13

– Guaranteed specific rights to the English aristocracy
Inheritance of land​

Rights of widows and minors inheriting those estates​

It also laid out protections for the nobles​

Could not be jailed without a ruling by peers​

• demonstrates limits on the monarchy
  - social contract (hobbes/locke)

Answer 13

Magna Carta (1215)

Question 14

– Overthrow of James I which led to further limitation on the monarch by parliament​

A monarch could no longer dismiss a judge or create new courts without parliamentary consent​

The monarch could not maintain a standing army​

The monarch could not raise taxes, that fell to parliament alone​

Answer 14

Glorious Revolution (1688)

Question 15

The monarch was limited at home but powerful abroad​

– government positions given to supporters​

Balance of Power​

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Answer 15

Patronage

Question 16

– French Political Philosopher who developed the idea of a Balance of Power​

Mixed government - Form of government that combines elements of democracy, aristocracy and monarchy, ostensibly making impossible their respective degenerations (anarchy, oligarchy and tyranny)​

Taxes should be controlled by the legislature​

Monarchs should be able to veto acts of legislation​

There should be two houses in the legislature​

There should be an independent judiciary​

Answer 16

Montesquieu

Question 17

– English enlightenment writer during the Glorious Revolution​

Two Treatises on Government ​

People needed government even if they had to give up personal liberty to attain it​

Governments had to govern by established laws​

These laws must be for the sole purpose of benefiting the people​

The government cannot raise taxes on the people without their consent​

The legislature cannot transfer the making of laws to anyone else​

Answer 17

John Locke

Question 18

– Essays condemning corruption and lack of morality within the British political system and warning against tyrannical rule and abuse of power​

Answer 18

Cato’s Letters

Question 19

– King of England prior to, during, and after the American Revolution ​

He alters how the colonies are managed an administered​

He decides that the colonists should share in the cost of the Seven Years War​

He believed the role of the monarch had been downgraded too far since the Glorious Revolution​

Eventually the need for revenue will cause George (and Parliament) to tax the colonies​

Answer 19

King George III

Question 20

– Elected representative element of the Virginia colonies government ​

Answer 20

Virginia House of Burgesses

Question 21

• Provided the form of government and society for the Carolina colony from 1669 to 1698​

Answer 21

Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina

Question 22

• Served as the constitution of Pennsylvania from 1701 to 1776​

Answer 22

Charter of Liberties

Question 23

People could choose their legislative representatives not their executive​

Governors had veto power over assemblies​

Governors could dissolve or suspend assemblies​

The crown and ministers controlled the judiciary

Answer 23

There would be Royal Governors who would have a say in what went on in the colonies

Question 24

– Case involving the colonists challenging English governments acts they did not like​

Otis challenged British rule claiming the writs of assistance were ‘Unconstitutional’ according to British law​

Would later become the foundation for the 4th Amendment against unlawful search of seizure​

“The child of independence is born” – John Adams​

Answer 24

James Otis and the Writs of Assistance (1761)

Question 25

Colonists are not represented in Parliament​

Answer 25

Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved (1764)​

Question 26

• Prohibited English colonists from settling on lands acquired from the French following the French and Indian War​

Represented an effort to organize the mainland colonies after 1763​

The proclamation laid out the boundaries for east and west Florida​

Some existing colonies received additional lands​

Provisions dealt with such issues as fishing rights and the internal organization of new colonies. ​

The act was unenforceable because the Crown lacked the soldiers to police the interior ​

The act suggested that the king and Parliament were shifting their historic position toward governing the colonies

Answer 26

Proclamation of 1763

Question 27

• British legislation aimed at ending the smuggling trade in sugar from the West Indies and at providing increased revenues for England​

The act lowered the duty on imported sugar in an effort to convince colonists that it was cheaper to be law-abiding than to bribe customs officials. ​

The act was the first direct tax imposed on colonists ​

Cocket

All commodities were now enumerated​

Creation of a new judicial system

Answer 27

The Sugar Act / Revenue Act (1764)

Question 28

• A certificate given to merchants warranting that goods have been duly entered through customs and all duties paid

Answer 28

Cocket

Question 29

• Prohibited the issue of any new bills and the reissue of existing currency​

This act forbade the payment of taxes with paper money produced in the colonies​

The act threatened the colonial economy, which had long operated with a shortage of hard specie ​

Colonists feared that the act represented a direct intrusion into the daily workings of the colonial economy ​

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Answer 29

The Currency Act (1764)

Question 30

Petition from the Massachusetts House of Representatives to the House of Commons; November 3, 1764​

Colonists believed that the creation of vice-admiralty courts threatened their rights as freeborn Englishmen ​

Resolution of the Virginia House of Burgesses on Colonial Authority, November 14, 1764

Answer 30

Despite the fact that the acts had honorable intentions, at least in the minds of the British, many colonists felt otherwise ​

Question 31

• Required the purchase of a stamp on any printed material ​

This Act levied a direct tax on colonists by Britain for the first time​

The act also threatened to reveal the authors of anonymous political pamphlets, thereby eroding potential dissent within the colonies ​

This Act represented a shift in the ways that the British governed North America

Answer 31

The Stamp Act (1765)

Question 32

• Political organization founded to advance the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British​

The organized protests​

This organization revealed that they would use violence if necessary to stop the enforcement of the act​

Answer 32

The Sons of Liberty

Question 33

– Leader of the Sons of Liberty and American Revolutionary / Founding Father​

Cousin to John Adams​

Attended Harvard at 14 and graduated at 18​

His hatred for England stemmed from a banking issue that almost bankrupted his family​

He originally tried his hand at business but failed​

His true talent was in the revolution business​

Answer 33

Samuel Adams

Question 34

• The first gathering of elected representatives from several of the American colonies to devise a unified protest against new British taxation​

Answer 34

Stamp Act Congress / Continental Congress of 1765

Question 35

– British law in response to the reaction to the Stamp Act which stated that the colonies are subordinate to England and any attempt to not recognize England’s power to tax the colonies is null and void.​

Answer 35

The Declaratory Act

Question 36

– Indirect tax on paper, paint, glass, and tea the colonies imported from England​

Answer 36

The Townshend Acts & The Revenue Act of 1767

Question 37

• Formal collective decision made by Boston based merchants and traders not to import or export items to Britain​

Answer 37

Boston Non-Importation Agreement

Question 38

– The idea that colonists were represented in Parliament in the same way as the thousands of British subjects who did not have the vote, or towns not represented in Parliament were​

Answer 38

Virtual Representation

Question 39

– Asserted that ‘virtual representation’ was not representation and that only the colonies respective legislatures could impose taxes

Answer 39

Declaration of Rights and Grievances

Question 40

– Series of essays (12) written by John Dickinson against the Townshend Acts​

Laid out the idea of ordered resistance​

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Answer 40

Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer

Question 41

Imperial officials seized this person for suspected smuggling ​

Riots break out in support of him who was popular in Boston​

In response the British send troops to Boston to manage the crisis​

Answer 41

John Hancock