Quiz 2 Flashcards
British and Chinese trade
Up to this point, China has only one port open for trade to outsiders
One way trade: China - Britain
Finally Britain found something the Chinese wanted… Opium
The Opium Trade
Opium: a highly addictive narcotic drug that comes from the opium poppy
Banned in China in 1796, but trade continued secretly from British - India to China
The Effects of Opium on China
Demand increased, leading to widespread corruption of Chinese officials
An outflow of silver from China treasury threatened China’s economy
1836: China’s government demand that they stop importing opium and the British refuses
1839: China decides to cut off food and water supply to British ships, and Britain opens fire on Chinese war ships
1st Opium war
British reinforcements arrive from India:
15 ships
5 armed ships
4,000 British troops
Britain goes on to attack and capture 4 ports
China realizes it’s time for peace
The Treaty of Nanjing
China had to pay a payment (compensation)
5 Chinese ports were open for trade
Hong Kong was given to Great Britain for 99 years
China and Britain would deal with each other as equals
British extraterritorial status (subject to British law, not Chinese)
British got “Most Favoured Nation” status in source of trade
Aftermath of the Treaty of Nanjing
Chinese viewpoints of the treaty
Chinese viewpoints of the treaty
Unable to realize what had been forced upon them
European merchants went unpunished for crimes, resulting in deepening resentment
The situation grows more hostile and the Chinese begin to attack Europeans.
Aftermath of the Treaty of Nanjing
Europeans view of the treaty
Europeans view of the treaty
Chinese officials board British ship and arrest the crew
French missionary killed
Chinese burn down British owned factories.
2nd Opium War
As allies, Great Britain and France capture Guangzhou, Tianjin, and Beijing
When GB and France burn the emperor’s palace, he flees.
The Chinese government is forced to sign a new treaty
Treaty of Tianjin/Conventions of Beijing
The Principle terms include
The Principle terms include
Open more Chinese ports
Payment of indemnity to Britain and France
They cannot say the word “barbarian” to describe the Europeans
Freedom for Europeans to travel throughout China
Freedom of missionaries to live and work in China
Legalization of the opium trade
Hong Kong:
In the treaty of Nanjing Hong Kong is given to the British for 99 years in 1898
Hong Kong is given back to the Chinese but they make a one country, two systems ( and independent for 50 years)
China takes control on Hong Kong too early
With China taking control too soon there has been may protests
Open Door Policy
Written by Secretary of State John Hay and put forward by the U.S. despite the wishes of other nations.
Series of letters exchanged around trade with China.
Bring trade between US, China, Japan, and European powers
Really protected US trading rights in China as they had no sphere of influence there
Kept China from being torn apart by imperialism.
Rebellions & Attempts at Reform:
Origins of the Taiping Rebellion
Increasing corruption of Qing rule
Disparity of wealth (difference between rich and poor are growing)
Economic disruption due to Western trade
Pressure of population growth
Humiliation at the defeat by Western powers
HONG XIUQUAN
Peasant farmer’s son
Had a vision of God and Jesus Christ - believed he needed to cleanse China and the Manchu dynasty
Believed himself to be the youngest brother of Jesus
Thought he had been chosen by God to be the emperor of China
The Taiping Rebellion
Hong led anti-Manchu group
Captured 16/18 of China’s provinces and 600 cities
After 14 years, fell to imperial forces that were backed by foreign forces
Left a bad impression of Christianity among the Chinese
The Self-Strengthening Movement
“Learn the superior technology of the barbarian in order to control them”
Strengthening of Confucianism, adopting Western techniques and maintaining peace with the foreigners
Get on good terms with the West to learn their tactics and use it against them
