quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what do cells need to be able to respond to a signal

A

they need a receptor and a way to use the info and respond

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2
Q

what receptor are for signals that can pass through the plasma membrane and come inside the cell?

A

Intracellular

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3
Q

what receptor binds signals that can not pass through the plasma membrane, therefore binding outside of the cell?

A

Transmembrane

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4
Q

how do receptors respond to a signal?

A

the binding of the signal changes their confirmation

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5
Q

do receptors bind to any signals?

A

no they are very specific

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6
Q

plants capture energy from the_____ and store it in chemical bonds of_____ and this process is called ________

A

sun, sugars, photosynthesis

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7
Q

organisms release energy stored in photosynthesis from foods and use it as____ during_______

A

fuel, cellular respiration

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8
Q

energy of moving objects, heat or thermal energy

A

kinetic energy

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9
Q

energy carried by a stationary object that has the potential to cause motion, chemical energy

A

potential energy

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10
Q

energy can not be____ nor _____ only ______ in _____

A

created, destroyed, changed, form

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11
Q

every conversion of energy is not______ ______ and includes the transformation of some energy to ____

A

perfectly efficient, heat

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12
Q

free floating nucleotide that has 3 phosphate groups and one adenosine

A

ATP

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13
Q

nucleotide with 2 phosphate groups, where one was broken off and transferred, and one adenosine

A

ADP

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14
Q

what helps initiate and speed up chemical reactions by lovering the Ea barrier?

A

Enzymes

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15
Q

what does the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis begin with?

A

Sunshine and Water

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16
Q

what happens to the water molecule in light dependent reactions?

A

water molecule is split into O2, e-, and H2O

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17
Q

where does the oxygen gas in light dependent reactions come from?

A

water

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18
Q

what happens to the chlorophyll molecule when it absorbs light?

A

light energy bumps and electron into the chlorophyll molecule to a higher energy level, the excited state

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19
Q

where are light dependent reactions taking place?

A

thylakoids of the leaves

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20
Q

what do light independent reactions start with?

A

fixation

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21
Q

what gas is absorbed from the atmosphere during light independent reactions?

A

carbon dioxide

22
Q

what is the end product of light independent reactions?

23
Q

where are light independent reactions taking place?

A

the stroma of the chloroplasts

24
Q

what does glycolysis start with?

25
what does glycolysis end with?
+4ATP +2NADH
26
how many ATP are made during glycolysis?
2ATP
27
what does the Krebs cycle start with?
Acetol-COA
28
what does krebs end with
NADH andFADH2
29
wheat gas is given off during the Krebs cycle?
carbon dioxide
30
How many ATP produced during the krebs cycle?
2
31
what does the electron transport chain start with?
NADH and FADH2
32
what does the electron transport chain end with?
ATP
33
how many ATP produced during the electron transport chain?
about 34
34
what does fermentation start with?
pyruvate acid
35
what does fermentation end with?
lactic acid or ethonol
36
how many ATP produced during fermentation?
2
37
what are the three subunits of DNA?
5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing base
38
what is the structure of DNA?
double helix
39
what are the 4 bases of DNA?
Adenine, Cytocine, Thymine, Guanine
40
what bases bind during base pairing in DNA?
A-T with 2 hydrogen bonds C-G with 3 hydrogen bonds
41
full set of DNA in a cell
Genome
42
smaller linear pieces of DNA
chromosomes
43
small part of a chromosome
gene
44
a copy of the genes base sequence is made in the nucleus for eukaryotic cell, copy is called mRNA
Trancription
45
Copy is used to direct the production of a polypeptide which then folds into a protein in the cytoplasm.
Translation
46
why does mRNA need to be modified?
because it still contains non coding sequences called intron that have to be cut out in a process called splicing.
47
introns
not required for synthesis
48
exons
code for proteins
49
how many chromosomes do we have
46
50
what percent of out genome are actually genes?
2%
51
what is genetic code
the universal table for all living organisms that shows which amino acids correspond to which 3 base codon on the mRNA.