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bio chapter 4 and 5 > quiz 2 > Flashcards

quiz 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what do cells need to be able to respond to a signal

A

they need a receptor and a way to use the info and respond

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2
Q

what receptor are for signals that can pass through the plasma membrane and come inside the cell?

A

Intracellular

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3
Q

what receptor binds signals that can not pass through the plasma membrane, therefore binding outside of the cell?

A

Transmembrane

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4
Q

how do receptors respond to a signal?

A

the binding of the signal changes their confirmation

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5
Q

do receptors bind to any signals?

A

no they are very specific

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6
Q

plants capture energy from the_____ and store it in chemical bonds of_____ and this process is called ________

A

sun, sugars, photosynthesis

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7
Q

organisms release energy stored in photosynthesis from foods and use it as____ during_______

A

fuel, cellular respiration

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8
Q

energy of moving objects, heat or thermal energy

A

kinetic energy

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9
Q

energy carried by a stationary object that has the potential to cause motion, chemical energy

A

potential energy

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10
Q

energy can not be____ nor _____ only ______ in _____

A

created, destroyed, changed, form

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11
Q

every conversion of energy is not______ ______ and includes the transformation of some energy to ____

A

perfectly efficient, heat

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12
Q

free floating nucleotide that has 3 phosphate groups and one adenosine

A

ATP

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13
Q

nucleotide with 2 phosphate groups, where one was broken off and transferred, and one adenosine

A

ADP

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14
Q

what helps initiate and speed up chemical reactions by lovering the Ea barrier?

A

Enzymes

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15
Q

what does the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis begin with?

A

Sunshine and Water

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16
Q

what happens to the water molecule in light dependent reactions?

A

water molecule is split into O2, e-, and H2O

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17
Q

where does the oxygen gas in light dependent reactions come from?

A

water

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18
Q

what happens to the chlorophyll molecule when it absorbs light?

A

light energy bumps and electron into the chlorophyll molecule to a higher energy level, the excited state

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19
Q

where are light dependent reactions taking place?

A

thylakoids of the leaves

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20
Q

what do light independent reactions start with?

A

fixation

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21
Q

what gas is absorbed from the atmosphere during light independent reactions?

A

carbon dioxide

22
Q

what is the end product of light independent reactions?

A

sugar

23
Q

where are light independent reactions taking place?

A

the stroma of the chloroplasts

24
Q

what does glycolysis start with?

A

-2ATP

25
Q

what does glycolysis end with?

A

+4ATP +2NADH

26
Q

how many ATP are made during glycolysis?

A

2ATP

27
Q

what does the Krebs cycle start with?

A

Acetol-COA

28
Q

what does krebs end with

A

NADH andFADH2

29
Q

wheat gas is given off during the Krebs cycle?

A

carbon dioxide

30
Q

How many ATP produced during the krebs cycle?

A

2

31
Q

what does the electron transport chain start with?

A

NADH and FADH2

32
Q

what does the electron transport chain end with?

A

ATP

33
Q

how many ATP produced during the electron transport chain?

A

about 34

34
Q

what does fermentation start with?

A

pyruvate acid

35
Q

what does fermentation end with?

A

lactic acid or ethonol

36
Q

how many ATP produced during fermentation?

A

2

37
Q

what are the three subunits of DNA?

A

5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing base

38
Q

what is the structure of DNA?

A

double helix

39
Q

what are the 4 bases of DNA?

A

Adenine, Cytocine, Thymine, Guanine

40
Q

what bases bind during base pairing in DNA?

A

A-T with 2 hydrogen bonds C-G with 3 hydrogen bonds

41
Q

full set of DNA in a cell

A

Genome

42
Q

smaller linear pieces of DNA

A

chromosomes

43
Q

small part of a chromosome

A

gene

44
Q

a copy of the genes base sequence is made in the nucleus for eukaryotic cell, copy is called mRNA

A

Trancription

45
Q

Copy is used to direct the production of a polypeptide which then folds into a protein in the cytoplasm.

A

Translation

46
Q

why does mRNA need to be modified?

A

because it still contains non coding sequences called intron that have to be cut out in a process called splicing.

47
Q

introns

A

not required for synthesis

48
Q

exons

A

code for proteins

49
Q

how many chromosomes do we have

A

46

50
Q

what percent of out genome are actually genes?

A

2%

51
Q

what is genetic code

A

the universal table for all living organisms that shows which amino acids correspond to which 3 base codon on the mRNA.

bio chapter 4 and 5 (1 decks)

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