quiz 2 Flashcards
what do cells need to be able to respond to a signal
they need a receptor and a way to use the info and respond
what receptor are for signals that can pass through the plasma membrane and come inside the cell?
Intracellular
what receptor binds signals that can not pass through the plasma membrane, therefore binding outside of the cell?
Transmembrane
how do receptors respond to a signal?
the binding of the signal changes their confirmation
do receptors bind to any signals?
no they are very specific
plants capture energy from the_____ and store it in chemical bonds of_____ and this process is called ________
sun, sugars, photosynthesis
organisms release energy stored in photosynthesis from foods and use it as____ during_______
fuel, cellular respiration
energy of moving objects, heat or thermal energy
kinetic energy
energy carried by a stationary object that has the potential to cause motion, chemical energy
potential energy
energy can not be____ nor _____ only ______ in _____
created, destroyed, changed, form
every conversion of energy is not______ ______ and includes the transformation of some energy to ____
perfectly efficient, heat
free floating nucleotide that has 3 phosphate groups and one adenosine
ATP
nucleotide with 2 phosphate groups, where one was broken off and transferred, and one adenosine
ADP
what helps initiate and speed up chemical reactions by lovering the Ea barrier?
Enzymes
what does the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis begin with?
Sunshine and Water
what happens to the water molecule in light dependent reactions?
water molecule is split into O2, e-, and H2O
where does the oxygen gas in light dependent reactions come from?
water
what happens to the chlorophyll molecule when it absorbs light?
light energy bumps and electron into the chlorophyll molecule to a higher energy level, the excited state
where are light dependent reactions taking place?
thylakoids of the leaves
what do light independent reactions start with?
fixation
what gas is absorbed from the atmosphere during light independent reactions?
carbon dioxide
what is the end product of light independent reactions?
sugar
where are light independent reactions taking place?
the stroma of the chloroplasts
what does glycolysis start with?
-2ATP
what does glycolysis end with?
+4ATP +2NADH
how many ATP are made during glycolysis?
2ATP
what does the Krebs cycle start with?
Acetol-COA
what does krebs end with
NADH andFADH2
wheat gas is given off during the Krebs cycle?
carbon dioxide
How many ATP produced during the krebs cycle?
2
what does the electron transport chain start with?
NADH and FADH2
what does the electron transport chain end with?
ATP
how many ATP produced during the electron transport chain?
about 34
what does fermentation start with?
pyruvate acid
what does fermentation end with?
lactic acid or ethonol
how many ATP produced during fermentation?
2
what are the three subunits of DNA?
5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing base
what is the structure of DNA?
double helix
what are the 4 bases of DNA?
Adenine, Cytocine, Thymine, Guanine
what bases bind during base pairing in DNA?
A-T with 2 hydrogen bonds C-G with 3 hydrogen bonds
full set of DNA in a cell
Genome
smaller linear pieces of DNA
chromosomes
small part of a chromosome
gene
a copy of the genes base sequence is made in the nucleus for eukaryotic cell, copy is called mRNA
Trancription
Copy is used to direct the production of a polypeptide which then folds into a protein in the cytoplasm.
Translation
why does mRNA need to be modified?
because it still contains non coding sequences called intron that have to be cut out in a process called splicing.
introns
not required for synthesis
exons
code for proteins
how many chromosomes do we have
46
what percent of out genome are actually genes?
2%
what is genetic code
the universal table for all living organisms that shows which amino acids correspond to which 3 base codon on the mRNA.
