Quiz 2 Flashcards
Definition of pharmacotherapeutics
Study of meds affect patient
What is pharmacology?
Study of how substances affect living tissue, including how these agents bind to receptors to enhance or inhibit fcn
Definition of pharmacodynamics
What the drug does to the body
study of pharmacokinetics
Study of the bodies effect on the drug
Name of the drug in Dr. Breslin’s lawn that can kill you if you eat it
Digitalis
Name of the drug that is found to be good for brain tumors
Thalidomide
FDA approval process: Preclinical work
Drug tested on animal models
FDA approval process: Phase 1
Drug tested on healthy human volunteers
FDA approval process: Phase 2
Drug tested on Small groups of people who have the disease for which the drug is thought to be of use
FDA approval process: Phase 3
Larger groups of individuals are studied taking the drug.
The FDA can improve a drug for marketing at this stage
FDA approval process: Phase 4
Post market studies and surveillance to further determine efficacy and safety
Name of act which was instilled in 1970 which helped control drugs on the market
The comprehensive drug abuse prevention and control act of 1970
What is a schedule 1 drug
four examples
Highest potential for abuse and most addictive
Ecstasy LSD marijuana heroin
What is a schedule 2 drug
some examples
has high potential for abuse and addiction
pure stimulant or pure opiate such as oxycodone hydromorphone morphine Dexedrine
What is a schedule III drug?
Examples?
Less potential for abuse and addiction and schedule I and II
Combo drugs such as anabolic steroids hydrocodone/acetaminophen and codeine/acetaminophen
What is a schedule IV drug
Some examples
Less addictive and potential for abuse than schedule III
Examples include Valium Ativan Xanax Ambien and sonata
What is a schedule V drug
some examples
The absolute least addictive of all known drugs
Cough syrups containing Codeine
How are drugs classified for pregnant people
Category A-ok (best),
B good (most common)
category X dangerous
What is a chemical name?
Scientific name describing molecular structure
What is a generic name, example?
Nonproprietary name which is usually an abbreviation of the chemical structure
Acetaminophen
What is a brand or trade name
Some examples?
The marketing team selected by the drug company
Advil and Tylenol
What is a drug class
Family name of that drug and drugs of similar chemical structure and function
what is a PDR?
Physicians desk reference
They are now sleeves within drug containers which describes the precautions and Contraindications of drugs
Order of how drugs go through the human body (5)
Administration, absorption, Distribution, metabolism, elimination
What is the fastest method of drug administration? what is the slowest method?
IV fastest method
Oral tab slowest method (first pass)
Injections via (deltoid) muscle or (gluteal) fat faster administration
Kicks in faster in the deltoid muscle than in the fat of the glute region
Drugs which are acids prefer what kind of environment
Drugs which are basic prefer which kind of environment
examples of both
Acid likes acid
Base Likes Base
the stomach is an example of acid
Intestines are an example of basic
What kind of drugs pass best through the brain and fetus
Lipid soluble
What is a substrate?
A substance that is affected by an enzyme
What does a drug inhibitor do?
Decreases enzyme so less substrate is metabolized
Increases the effact of substrates
What are the effects of drug inducers?
Increases the enzyme and increases metabolism of the substrate
Decreases affect of substrate
How many half-lives does it take to get a drug completely out of the system
Five
If the half-life of a drug is 15 hours what is the calculation and how long will it take it to leave the body?
15 hours times 5 equals 75 hours to leave the body
Receptors function like a ________ that opens a neural path when the proper ligand is inserted
Keyhole
Correct order of what occurs at the site of drug action (4)
Synthesis, release, interactions, transmitter effects
In order for an action potential to occur what mineral is needed to power it
Calcium
What is a drug receptor affinity
the attractiveness of drug and receptor
Whichever drug has an higher affinity will gain the slot
Agonist drugs have two of which characteristics
Affinity and efficacy
What is an antagonist drug
Interact with the receptor but do not change it
Have affinity but no efficacy
What is a competitive antagonist?
Competes with agonist for receptor, however once it is in the receptor no function occurs until the cell dies
The greater the therapeutic index is the drug more lethal or safe?
The greater the therapeutic index the more safe the drug
the more narrow the index the more dangerous the drug
