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1
Q

What is the definition of a constitution?

A

A body of rules and maxims in accordance with which the powers of the sovereign are habitually exercised.

(COOLY, Constitutional Limitations, p. 4)

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2
Q

What does a constitution determine?

A

The powers and duties of the government and guarantees certain rights to the people.

A constitution is the basic principle and laws of a nation, state, or social group.

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3
Q

How is the constitution described in relation to law?

A

The highest expression of the law.

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4
Q

What is the purpose of a constitution?

A

To prescribe the framework of the system or the kind of government that will exist in the state.

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5
Q

What is one of the key functions of a constitution?

A

It creates the different departments and specifies their respective functions and duties.

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6
Q

What role does a constitution play in government power?

A

It is the source of the sovereign powers of a government by establishing the fixed, first or basic principles.

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7
Q

What does a constitution promote for the public?

A

Public welfare, safety, prosperity, health, and happiness of the people.

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8
Q

What is a written constitution?

A

A constitution in which most of its provisions are embodied in a single formal written document or set of documents.

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9
Q

What is an example of a written constitution?

A

The United States Constitution.

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10
Q

What is an unwritten constitution?

A

A constitution which consists of rules that are scattered in various sources and not integrated into a single form.

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11
Q

What is an example of an unwritten constitution?

A

The English Constitution.

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12
Q

What is an enacted constitution?

A

A constitution that is formally struck off at a definite time and place following a conscious effort by a constituent body or ruler.

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13
Q

What is an example of an enacted constitution?

A

The Japanese Constitution of 1889.

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14
Q

What is an evolved constitution?

A

A constitution which results from political evolution, changing by accretion rather than by a systematic method.

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15
Q

What is an example of an evolved constitution?

A

The English Constitution.

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16
Q

What is a rigid constitution?

A

A constitution that can be amended only by a formal and usually difficult process.

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17
Q

What is an example of a rigid constitution?

A

The Australian Constitution.

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18
Q

What is a flexible constitution?

A

A constitution that can be altered by the same body that makes ordinary laws of the state.

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19
Q

What is an example of a flexible constitution?

A

The Israeli Constitution.

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20
Q

What are the essential parts of a good written constitution?

A
  • Constitution of Government
  • Constitution of Liberty
  • Constitution of Sovereignty
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21
Q

What does the Constitution of Government describe?

A

The framework of government and its power; it also defines the electorate.

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22
Q

What does the Constitution of Liberty enumerate?

A

The fundamental rights of the people guaranteed under the constitution.

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23
Q

What does the Constitution of Sovereignty indicate?

A

The manner of amending or revising the Constitution.

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24
Q

What is the Biak-na-Bato Constitution?

A

A provisionary constitution promulgated by the Philippine Revolutionary Government on November 1, 1897.

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25
Q

What significant event occurred on June 12, 1898?

A

Philippine independence was declared.

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26
Q

What was the first democratic government of the Philippines?

A

The Malolos Republic.

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27
Q

What was the purpose of the Philippine Organic Act of 1902?

A

To provide for the creation of the Philippine Assembly.

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28
Q

What significant change did the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916 make?

A

It replaced the Philippine Commission with a Senate elected by Filipino voters.

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29
Q

What did the Philippine Independence Act of 1934 establish?

A

Guidelines for drafting a formal constitution via a constitutional convention.

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30
Q

What was the 1935 Constitution’s role in Philippine history?

A

It served as the fundamental law of the land from 1935 to 1972.

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31
Q

What significant provisions were included in the 1935 Constitution?

A
  • Bill of Rights
  • Women’s suffrage
  • Creation of a Philippine Armed Forces
  • Development of the national language
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32
Q

What interrupted the Commonwealth Government in 1943?

A

The Second World War and the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines.

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33
Q

What was the purpose of the Commonwealth Government established in 1935?

A

To show that Filipinos had the capability for self-government

The Commonwealth Government led to the country’s independence a decade later.

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34
Q

What interrupted the Commonwealth Government?

A

The Second World War and the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines

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35
Q

What role did KALIBAPI play during the Japanese occupation?

A

Created the Preparatory Committee for Philippine Independence (PCPI) to write a new constitution

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36
Q

When was the 1943 Constitution signed and ratified?

A

Signed on September 4, 1943 and ratified a few days later

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37
Q

Who was inaugurated as President under the 1943 Constitution?

A

Jose P. Laurel

38
Q

What was the nature of the 1943 Constitution?

A

Transitory and effective only during the duration of the war

39
Q

What powers were concentrated under the 1943 Constitution?

A

Powers were concentrated with the President

40
Q

How was the Bill of Rights characterized in the 1943 Constitution?

A

Enumerated citizens’ duties and obligations rather than rights

41
Q

In what areas was the 1943 Constitution recognized as legitimate?

A

Only in Japanese-controlled areas

42
Q

When was the 1943 Constitution abolished?

A

Upon liberation of the Philippines by American forces in August 1945

43
Q

When did the United States grant independence to the Philippines?

A

July 4, 1946

44
Q

What significant event occurred on June 1, 1971?

A

A Constitutional Convention was convened at the Manila Hotel

45
Q

What controversial accusation was made during the 1971 Constitutional Convention?

A

Eduardo Quintero accused Marcos of bribing delegates

46
Q

What happened on September 21, 1972?

A

President Marcos declared martial law

47
Q

When was the 1973 Constitution ratified?

A

January 17, 1973

48
Q

What form of government was established by the 1973 Constitution?

A

Parliamentary form of government

49
Q

Who was designated as the head of government under the 1973 Constitution?

A

Prime Minister

50
Q

What was a significant outcome of the First Amendment to the 1973 Constitution?

A

The president became the Prime Minister and continued to exercise legislative powers

51
Q

What did the Third Amendment to the 1973 Constitution restore?

A

Executive power to the President and direct election of the President

52
Q

What major political change occurred in February 1986?

A

The EDSA People Power Revolution toppled the Marcos administration

53
Q

What was the Freedom Constitution?

A

A provisional constitution declared by President Aquino on March 24, 1986

54
Q

What was the task of the Constitutional Commission established in 1986?

A

To draft a new constitution reflecting the ideals of the Filipino people

55
Q

What significant provision was included in the 1987 Constitution regarding government structure?

A

Restoration of a presidential system and a bicameral Congress

56
Q

What does Article III of the 1987 Constitution detail?

A

The modified Bill of Rights

57
Q

What body was created under Section 18, Article XIII of the 1987 Constitution?

A

Commission on Human Rights

58
Q

What does the preamble of the 1987 Constitution express?

A

Aims to build a just and humane society and promote the common good

59
Q

What are the 18 articles of the 1987 Constitution primarily focused on?

A
  • National Territory
  • Declaration of Principles and State Policies
  • Bill of Rights
  • Citizenship
  • Suffrage
  • Legislative Department
  • Executive Department
  • Judicial Department
  • Constitutional Commission
  • Local Government
  • Accountability of Public Officers
  • National Economy and Patrimony
  • Social Justice and Human Rights
  • Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture, and Sports
  • The Family
  • General Provisions
  • Amendments and Revision
  • Transitory Provisions
60
Q

What does the Constitution of Government establish?

A

A presidential form of government with a tripartite system

61
Q

What powers does the Legislative Department possess?

A

Power to pass, amend, and repeal laws

62
Q

What is the composition of the Senate according to the 1987 Constitution?

A

Twenty-four Senators elected at large

63
Q

What is the minimum age requirement for a Senator?

A

Thirty-five years old

64
Q

What is the composition of the House of Representatives?

A

Not more than 250 members elected from legislative districts

65
Q

What is the minimum age requirement for a member of the House of Representatives?

A

Twenty-five years old

66
Q

Who is the head of the Executive Department?

A

The President

67
Q

What is the term length for the President of the Philippines?

A

Six years

68
Q

What is the role of the Vice President?

A

Supports the President and becomes President if the President is unable to serve

69
Q

What is the function of the Cabinet?

A

Acts as the alter ego of the President in executing powers

70
Q

What is the role of the Judicial Department?

A

Interprets laws and administers justice

71
Q

What is the composition of the Supreme Court?

A

1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices

72
Q

What does the Court of Appeals review?

A

Cases elevated from Regional Trial Courts and quasi-judicial agencies

73
Q

What jurisdiction does the Court of Tax Appeals hold?

A

Exclusive jurisdiction over disputed tax assessments and related matters

74
Q

What type of cases does the Sandiganbayan handle?

A

Cases against government officials accused of graft and corruption

75
Q

What is the Sandiganbayan responsible for?

A

The Sandiganbayan tries and decides criminal and civil cases against government officials and employees accused of graft and corruption

The Sandiganbayan is a special court in the Philippines that focuses on cases involving public officials.

76
Q

Who is responsible for investigating and prosecuting Philippine government officials accused of crimes?

A

The ombudsman (Samuel Martires)

The ombudsman plays a crucial role in maintaining accountability in the government.

77
Q

What are the First Level Courts in the Philippine judicial system?

A

Metropolitan Trial Courts (MeTCs), Municipal Trial Courts in Cities (MTCCs), Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs), Municipal Circuit Trial Courts (MTCCs), Shari’a Circuit Courts (SCC)

These courts handle lower-level cases and are the first point of contact for the judicial system.

78
Q

What are the Second Level Courts in the Philippine judicial system?

A

Regional Trial Courts (RTCs), Shari’a District Courts (SCC)

These courts handle more serious cases and appeals from the First Level Courts.

79
Q

What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights in the 1987 Constitution?

A

It enumerates the fundamental rights of the Filipino people and sets limits to the government’s power

The Bill of Rights is crucial for protecting individual freedoms and rights from government overreach.

80
Q

What are the three grounds for the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus?

A

Invasion, insurrection, rebellion

The suspension of habeas corpus can occur under extreme circumstances affecting national security.

81
Q

Fill in the blank: Section 1 of the Bill of Rights states the right to _______.

A

life, liberty, and property

82
Q

What is the right against unreasonable searches and seizures?

A

Section 2 of the Bill of Rights

This right protects individuals from arbitrary interference by the government.

83
Q

What does Section 4 of the Bill of Rights guarantee?

A

Freedom of Speech, Right to a Free Press, Freedom of Assembly, Right of Petition

These freedoms are essential for a democratic society.

84
Q

What is the significance of the Non-Impairment Clause in Section 10?

A

It protects contracts from being impaired by legislation

This clause ensures stability and predictability in legal agreements.

85
Q

True or False: The right to bail is guaranteed by Section 13 of the Bill of Rights.

A

True

86
Q

What is the right to speedy disposition of cases as stated in Section 16?

A

It ensures that legal cases are resolved in a timely manner

This right aims to prevent prolonged detention and legal uncertainty.

87
Q

What does sovereignty refer to in the context of the Constitution?

A

The quality of having independent authority over a geographic area

Sovereignty is essential for a state’s governance and autonomy.

88
Q

What are the two types of sovereignty?

A

Internal sovereignty, external sovereignty

Internal sovereignty relates to governing the people, while external sovereignty concerns independence from foreign control.

89
Q

How can amendments to the 1987 Constitution be proposed?

A

By Congress (three-fourths vote) or a constitutional convention (two-thirds vote)

Direct proposals by the people through initiative are also allowed under specific conditions.

90
Q

Fill in the blank: No amendment shall be authorized within _______ following the ratification of the 1987 Constitution.

A

five years

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