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Agricultural and Biosystems Automation, Instrumentation and Control System > Quiz > Flashcards

Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Term used to refer to systems that combine computer controls,electrical components,and mechanical parts

A

Mechatronics

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2
Q

Obtains relevant information from surrounding environment to manage or regulate the behavior of a device performing desired operations

A

Automatic Control Systems

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3
Q

Automatic Control Systems generally consists of _________ to obtain information, a ___________ to make a decision and an ____________ to perform the actions that automate the operation

A

sensors, controller, actuator

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4
Q

It is an integrated part that receives an electrical signal to create a physical movement to drive a mechanical device performing a certain action

A

Actuator

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5
Q

Converts electric current to rotational motion

A

Electric motor

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6
Q

Converts electric current to linear motion that opens or closes a valve

A

Solenoid valve

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7
Q

Converts electric current to linear motion that extends or retracts piston

A

Electrohydraulic actuator

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8
Q

Class of devices that measure significant parameters by using a variety of physical phenomena

A

Sensors

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9
Q

Quantities in form of electrical variables (e.g. voltage, current) to represent measured physical quantities (e.g. temperature, pressure, light intensity), expressed in base-10 (decimal number system)

A

Analog data

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10
Q

expressed in base-2 (binary number system), 0 or 1; off or on

A

Digital data

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11
Q

Resolution of digital data depends on the number of __________, such that more __________ means more precision in the digitized measurement

A

bits

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12
Q

Measure of the electric field’s potential, analogous to potential energy in gravitational field, sometimes referred to as “electromotive force” or emf

A

Voltage

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13
Q

Defined as the time rate of flow of charge

A

Current

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14
Q

Voltage source adds energy to the electrons causing them to flow from the ________ side towards the __________ side

A

negative, positive

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15
Q

_________ side of the voltage source attracts the electrons, _________ side releases the electrons

A

Positive, negative

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16
Q

Standard convention assumes that the current flows from the __________ side of the voltage source, opposite the flow of the electrons

A

positive

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17
Q

Current describes the flow of ___________, not the electrons

A

positive charge

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18
Q

Voltage and current in the circuit are constant (i.e. independent of time)

A

Direct current

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19
Q

Voltage and current vary with time, usually sinusoidal

A

Alternating current

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20
Q

It is a material property whose value is the slope of the resistor’s voltage-current curve

A

Resistance

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21
Q

States that the electrical current flowing through a fixed linear resistance is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it, and also inversely proportional to the resistance

A

Ohm’s Law

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22
Q

provides energy to the circuit

A

Voltage

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23
Q

describes the flow of positive charge

A

Current

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24
Q

consists of network of circuit elements that may dissipate or store energy

A

Load

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25
Q

reference point in the circuit where voltage is assumed to be zero

A

Ground

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26
Q

Dissipative element that converts electrical energy to into heat

A

Resistor

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27
Q

For a 4-band resistor: the first two bands indicate _________, third band indicates _________,and the fourth band indicates ___________

A

digits, multiplier, tolerance

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28
Q

For an ideal resistor, the voltage-current relationship is ________, and the resistance is ________

A

linear, constant

29
Q

A passive element that stores energy in the form of an electric field. This field is the result of a separation of electric charge.

A

Capacitor

30
Q

A passive energy storage element that stores energy in the form of a magnetic field

A

Inductor

31
Q

joules/coulomb

A

Volts

32
Q

coulomb/time

A

Current

33
Q

coulomb/volt

A

Capacitance (Farad)

34
Q

weber/ampere

A

Inductance (Henry)

35
Q

Code using symbols that refer to a number of items

A

Number system

36
Q

Uses the ten symbols (base 10 system)

A

Decimal number system

37
Q

Uses the two symbols (base 2 system)

A

Binary number system

38
Q

Numeric value of symbols in different positions

A

Place value

39
Q

number of digits in a binary number

A

Bits

40
Q

Uses the 8 symbols (base 8 system)

A

Octal number system

41
Q

Uses the 16 symbols (base 16 system)

A

Hexadecimal number system

42
Q

An element in a mechatronic or measurement system that detects the magnitude of a physical parameter and changes it into a signal that can be processed by the system

A

Sensor

43
Q

The active element of a sensor

A

Transducer

44
Q

Often referred to as resistive transducers or variable resistance transducers. Most frequently used for calculating different physical quantities like pressure, vibration, temperature, force, and displacement, which is characterized by changing resistance due to the effect of the environment

A

Resistive sensors

45
Q

Sensor resistance increases with increasing temperature

A

positive temperature coefficient

46
Q

Sensor resistance increases with decreasing temperature

A

negative temperature coefficient

47
Q

Sensor that has a resistive film sustained by a thin and flexible support. The entire structure is tightly attached to an object, and the deformation (tension and compression) of this object causes the deformation of the filament, in terms of length and cross section

A

Strain gauges

48
Q

Sensor used to measure force. Contains an internally flexural element, usually strain
gauges. Usually connected to a bridge circuit to yield a voltage proportional to the load

A

Load cell

49
Q

Most straight forward resistive sensor

A

Potentiometers

50
Q

Also known as resistive photo detectors

A

Light-dependent resistors (LDR)

51
Q

Sensor exhibits a modification of material resistivity ρ caused by interaction with specific gases

A

Resistive gas sensors

52
Q

Sensors that can detect the nearness of a conductive material or a material with different dielectric property than the sensor’s electrodes

A

Capacitive sensors

53
Q

Convert light rays into electronic signals

A

Optical sensors

54
Q

Three common types of optical sensors

A

Through beam, Reflective, and Retro-reflective

55
Q

Sensors that transform change in temperature to current. Typical example is the thermocouple

A

Thermoelectric sensors

56
Q

It is the process of matching the output a sensor to a set of known reference values

A

Calibration of sensors

57
Q

Done by plotting two variables (dependent and independent) and generating a best fit line using n order polynomial equation. Can be implemented on spreadsheets

A

Polynomial method

58
Q

Difference between Maximum and Minimum value which can be sensed by the sensor

A

Range

59
Q

The smallest change which can be sensed by the sensor

A

Resolution

60
Q

Ratio of change in output to a unit change in the input

A

Sensitivity

61
Q

Difference between the Measured Value and True Value

A

Error

62
Q

It is inversely proportional to Error, i.e. How close the sensor reading is to the True Value

A

Accuracy

63
Q

Ability to give/reproduce accurate value repeatedly

A

Precision

64
Q

Time lag between the Input and Output

A

Response time

65
Q

Ratio between the magnitude of the signal and the noise at the output

A

Signal-to-noise ratio

66
Q

It should be compatible to use with a wide range of instruments

A

Interfacing

67
Q

Type of sensor with a temperature and humidity range of 0C- 50C and 20%-90%, respectively

A

DHT11

68
Q

Type of sensor with a temperature and humidity range of -40C- 80C and 0%-100%, respectively

A

DHT22

Agricultural and Biosystems Automation, Instrumentation and Control System (1 decks)

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