Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

child & adolescents > quiz > Flashcards

quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What is ADHD

A

A NEURODEVELOPMENTAL disorder

Difficulty maintaining attention, executive functioning (initiating/organizing/maintaining tasks), and impulsivity

Doesn’t always occur with hyperactivity (ADD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Inattentive type of ADHD

A

Easily distracted and bored, difficulties completing tasks

more common in girls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hyperactive-impulsive type of ADHD

A

Difficulty sitting still, blurts things out, impatient

more common in boys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common type of ADHD

A

Combination of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What causes ADHD

A

Unclear, large link to GENETICS, potential link to ENVIRONMENT (smoking/etoh during pregnancy, high levels of lead exposure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is ADHD diagnosed

A

Rule out other medical causes for behaviours (vision/hearing deficits, undetected seizures, learning disabilities)

ADHD symptoms checklist

Impairment rating scale

Physical exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Common comorbidities with ADHD

A

ODD, CD, ANXIETY, MOOD DISORDER, SUD, TOURETTES, TIC DISORDER, LEARNING DISORDER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What age group are ADHD medications approved for?

A

6+ is recommended, can be given under 6 if behavioural intervention doesn’t work (severe cases, not approved by FDA)

can cause slower growth rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Behavioural interventions for kids with ADHD

A
  • create a schedule, stick to routine
  • create organizational systems
  • limit choices
  • clear and specific directions
  • help the child plan
  • small, realistic goals
  • reward positive behaviours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Immediate release vs extended release stimulants

A

Immediate release are quick onset, changes seen within 15-20 minutes and lasts for 4 hrs

Extended release are given once in the morning and last for 10-12 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the most common stimulants given for ADHD in children

A

ADDERALL (amphetamine)
CONCERTA (methylphenidate)
DEXEDRINE (amphetamine)
DAYTRANA (methylphenidate)
QUILIVANT XR (methylphenidate)
RITALIN (methylphenidate
Vyvanse (amphetamine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is it safe to stop stimulants abruptly?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stimulant side effects

A
  • decreased appetite/weight loss give meds after meals
  • decreased sleep
  • stomach aches/headaches
  • growth issues drug holidays reduces effect
  • rebound effect of aggression when short acting stimulant wears off
  • may exacerbate/develop tics
  • appear “flat” or “zombie-like”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most common non-stimulant medication given for kids with ADHD

A

ATOMOXETINE (Strattera)

SNRI that works by increasing norepinephrine in the brain, works for 24 hrs

50% efficacy

given for those at risk for substance dependency of stimulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Other ADHD medications

A

Clonidine, guanfacine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neurofeedback

A

Computer-based behaviour training that allows a patient to self-regulate aspects of the brain activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is autism spectrum disorder?

A

A NEURODEVELOPMENTAL disorder characterized by impaired social communication and restricted/repetitive patterns of behaviour or interests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Causes of autism

A

Not clear
- genetics (fragile X syndrome)
- environmental stresses in conjunction with genetic predisposition
- advanced parental age at time of conception (mother and father)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Symptoms of ASD

A

Learning delays, difficulty concentrating, difficulties in social situations, attachment to unusual interests, difficulties understanding emotions, troubles with transitions, sleep problems, insufficient impulse control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Early signs of autism in young children up to 36 months

A

Limited speech, difficulty understanding simple instruction, little interest in ‘pretend’ play, little interest in other children, sensitive to sound/light/smell/taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Process for diagnosing autism

A

Interview with both child and parents

MSE and ADOS

Children seen by BC Autism Assessment Network which allows the diagnosis to be recognized and funded by the MCFD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ASD - Level 1

A

Requires minimal support

present with impairment in social interaction and unusual repetitive patterns of interest and behaviour

less likely to have same language or cognitive behaviour delays

“odd” or “eccentric”, lacks empathy, one sided conversation

23
Q

ASD - Level 2

A

requires substantial support

may have more pronounced challenges in social communication and adaptive behaviours

may miss nonverbal cues or respond inappropriately

inflexible behaviour, distress with transitions

24
Q

ASD - level 3

A

Requires very substantial support

severe deficits in verbal and non verbal communication skills

require substantial outside support on a daily basis, may require full-time aids or intensive therapy

commonly engage in self injurious behaviour

25
Q

Synaesthesia

A

Perceives sensory input one way but it gets interpreted in the brain in a different sensory modality

eg. They hear a sound but experience it as a colour

26
Q

Masking

A

Difference between how people seem in social contexts and what’s happening to them on the inside

may include:
- mimicking other behaviours in order to blend in
- forcing themselves to make eye contact with people
- imitating gestures or expressions they see others using
- having a steady stream or pre-prepared response

27
Q

Treatment for ASD

A

Psychotherapy and CBT for children who are high functioning

behavioural management used for challenging behaviours

medications for aggression/irritability

28
Q

What two medications are used in ASD for aggression

A

Risperidone, aripriprazole

29
Q

What is ABA

A

Applied behaviour analysis

teaches children new skills and reduce problematic behaviour such as self-injury

created on the premise of operant conditioning

30
Q

Behavioural strategies for parents of children with ASD

A
  • front loading the child: telling them what is going to happen next
  • bring a transitional object
  • visual schedules
  • be concrete and specific
31
Q

Social stories

A

A tool to rehearse and plan future social situations

32
Q

Psychosis

A

Cluster of symptoms, loss of touch with reality

33
Q

Causes of psychosis in youth

A
  • medical cause (brain tumour/injury)
  • sleep deprivation
  • paternal age
  • substance use
  • genetics
  • trauma/extreme stress
  • prenatal vitamin deficiencies or infection
34
Q

Prodromal symptoms

A

Early warning signs - don’t always lead to psychosis

  • withdrawing from friends/family
  • deteriorating hygiene
  • changes in sleep/eating patterns
  • unusual ideas/behaviours
  • change in personality
  • anhedonia
  • difficulties organizing thoughts/speech
35
Q

What are some other psychiatric conditions connected to psychotic symptoms

A

ASD, bipolar, MDD, personality disorders, OCD, PTSD

36
Q

What are the challenges with diagnosing psychosis in children

A

Children often minimize/misinterpret symptoms

Parents often don’t recognize symptoms as abnormal

Can see same symptoms in children with ASD

37
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Impacts thought process, emotions, and behaviours

delusions, hallucinations, catatonic behaviour, disorganized speech, negative symptoms

symptoms present for most of the time out of 1 month and present decline for at least 6 months

38
Q

Schizophreniform disorder

A

Similar to schizophrenia but less than 6 months and no decline in functioning required

39
Q

Schizoaffective disorder

A

Major mood disorder concurrent with psychotic symptoms and delusions/hallucinations for 2+ weeks

40
Q

Brief psychotic disorder

A

psychiatric symptoms more than a day but less than 1 month with return to premorbid functioning

41
Q

Early-onset schizophrenia age

A

Ages 13-18

20% of adults with schizophrenia fall ill before 18

42
Q

Childhood onset schizophrenia age

A

Under age 13

VERY rare

43
Q

Childhood schizophrenia symptoms in infants

A
  • overly relaxed of floppy arms/legs
  • extensive periods of inactivity or abnormal listenessness
  • unnaturally still
  • flat when lying down
  • unusually sensitive to bright lights or rapid movements
44
Q

Childhood schizophrenia symptoms in toddlers

A
  • CHRONIC HIGH FEVERS
  • repeating behaviours
  • extreme degree of fear
  • weak and slumping posture
45
Q

Childhood onset schizophrenia

A

Initially more auditory, visual and tactile hallucinations

flat affect, social aloofness, lack of motivation

loss of grey matter shown in brain imaging

studies linking diabetes in pregnancy with COD

46
Q

Warning signs in school aged children

A

Auditory hallucinations, extreme sensitivity to sound/lights, problems falling asleep, distracted, socially distant, seen talking to themselves, visual halllucinations

47
Q

Safety risk for youth experiencing first episode psychosis

A

75% commit suicide on their first episode

48
Q

Cannabis induced harms to the adolescent brain

A

Daily use is associated it’s early onset and development of a psychotic illness

can increase anxiety, depression, paranoia

49
Q

Cannabis induced psychotic disorder

A

Hallucinations and/or delusions are present soon after cannabis intoxication

50
Q

Best practice for treatment of psychosis in youth

A
  1. Low doses of antipsychotic medications
  2. CBT (reduce distress around symptoms)
  3. Family education and support
  4. Lifestyle adjustments (sleep, eating, routine)
  5. Vocational rehab
  6. Reduce or eliminate the use of cannabis
51
Q

Which antipsychotics are used in youth?

A

ABILIFY (aripriprazole)
ZYPREXA (olanzapine)
SEROQUEL (quatiapine)
RISPERIDAL (risperidone)

(atypical)

INVEGA (paliperidone) is approved for children 12+

52
Q

Side effects of antipsychotics

A

Blurred vision, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, dry mouth, sexual side effects, weight gain+, diabetes

  • aripriprazole has lowest chance for weight gain
53
Q

What is done for treatment resistant psychosis in youth

A

Do not respond to at least 2 different antipsychotic medications

then would use Clozapine or ECT

child & adolescents (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions