quiz

Question 1

2 ways communities change

Answer 1

1. temporal turnover
2. spatial turnover

Question 2

3 factors influencing community change

Answer 2

1. ongoing colonization and extinction
2. natural disturbances
3. global change

Question 3

trophic level vs food chain

Answer 3

• trophic level: how a species obtains its energy, who its eating
• food chain: transfer of energy, links between trophic levels including producers, to top consumers and decomposers

Question 4

what is biomass

Answer 4

measures the total mass of living organism in a trophic level

Question 5

community function vs ecological efficiency

Answer 5

• Community Function is the measure of the amount of energy or matter that moves in and out of a community per unit of time
• Ecological Efficiency: Refers to the overall transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next.

Question 6

2 reasons for low ecological efficiency

Answer 6

1. use for metabolism
2. excrete as waste

Question 7

what is an ecological niche?

Answer 7

the physical and biological environment a species inhabits and its ecological role

Question 8

2 aspects of species diversity

Answer 8

1. species richness
2. relative abundance (eveness)

Question 9

shannon diversity index

Answer 9

high H = high diversity

Question 10

what happens to NPP as diversity increases

Answer 10

npp goes up to a certain point.. platues due to competition

Question 11

trophic cascade

Answer 11

series of direct and indirect effects when the actions of the top consumer in a food web impacts other trophic levels

Question 12

what are 2 patterns of diversity

Answer 12

1. Global: Latitudinal Diversity Gradients
2. Regional Species Diversity

Question 13

list 3 claims of Latitudinal Diversity Gradients

Answer 13

1. Climates are typically more stable at the tropics, therefore, tropical species have likely experienced fewer extinction and more speciation events.
2. Tropics have abundant solar energy and high productivity, therefore, greater energy flow through communities to support food webs.
3. Variation in habitat structure leads to greater niche specialization.

Question 14

Species-Area Relationship

Answer 14

Diversity increases with increasing area of “patch” and distance to
other “patches” is also important

Question 15

Theory of Island Biogeography

Answer 15

The number of species on an island represents an equilibrium
between the rate at which species migrate and the rate at which resident species go locally extinct.
(Equilibrium represents when these two concepts are equal.)

Question 16

Life Tables

Answer 16

Keeps track of demographic events

Question 17

cohort

Answer 17

A group of individuals (N) born at the same time (so where age = x)

Question 18

Survivorship

Answer 18

the proportion of individuals that survive from birth to age x

Question 19

First Breeding

Answer 19

the proportion of birds that reproduced for the first time that given year

Question 20

Fecundity

Answer 20

The average number of daughters that each female produces at a given age.

Question 21

Principle of Allocation

Answer 21

resources can’t be used for 2 functions
(maintenance, defense, growth, reproduction)
simultaneously

Question 22

Carrying Capacity (k)

Answer 22

number of individuals of a species that can
be supported in an environment. NO exponential growth of
populations due to limited resources

Question 23

R = density dependent

Answer 23

Increased population density = Decreased resource availability