quiz Flashcards
The 3 main components of a computer are:
- Hardware
- Software
- Operating system
Hardware?
any pieces that can exist materially such as: RAM (Memory), processors, Internal
Hard Drive, Mother Board, Video and Graphic and Sound cards, Screen, Keyboard, etc.
Softwares (Application software)
Softwares are used to perform special functions beyond the
basic operation of the computer itself. There are many different types of application softwares
such as Microsoft Word, Photoshop, Firefox, etc.
Operating System
An operating system (OS) is a system software that manages computer
hardware and software resources. PC Operating System is called: Windows. Mac Operating
System is called MacOs.
There is also an Open Source Operating Software called Linux. What does open source mean?
Open Source means that the code is made freely available for possible modification and
redistribution.
Digital Data is measured by weight ➔and weight = space
what are the units of measurement?
1 byte is the smallest unit of measurement.
1,000 bytes = 1 Kilobyte (kB)
1,000 kilobytes = 1 Megabyte (MB)
1,000 megabytes = 1 Gigabyte (GB)
1,000 gigabyte = 1 Terabyte (TB)
1,000 terabyte = 1 Petabyte (PB)
1,000 petabyte = 1 Exabyte (EB)
2 fundamental characteristics of Digital Data are:
- No Loss of information
- Compression
Explain no loss of information
There is no Loss of information when you copy and distribute a file. Ex: you can send a digital
image in a long chain and the last person consulting (opening) the file will see the exact same
image than the first person. The “only” way to alter the data in a document is if you resave
it (Save as) and choose to use another format of compression – that could for example
compress the file more.
When you Save (command s): you “register” the new transformations that were made to your
file since the last time it was saved.
When you Save As (Top Menu / File / Save As): you create a new document and are saving
your file with the new transformations. Save As allows also to change the name of the file and
choose another format of compression.
explain compression
A digital document always has a format. The format is the type of compression used when you
save the document – it is the mathematical algorithm used to compress the document. The format
of compression is the suffix at the end of a file name: .jpg, .wav, .docx, .pdf, .mp3, etc.
> There is always a relation between how much you compress a file versus the loss of
information. A good format of compression is a format compressing the file – making it
as light as possible with a minimal loss of information.
Common types of compression for images we saw are:
psd: Photoshop format. NO Compression or loss of information. It saves the image with its
layers and many other information such as animation, adjustment layers, layer mask, etc.
jpg (pronounce j-peg): Compresses image without much lost. It is very good to use for
electronic media and an excellent format when working on crossed platform and software (like
if you use a still image in a video, you can used a .jpg). A JPG is an image with a “locked”
background. if you erase a background, you cannot have transparencies. To “free” the
background: you need to double click on it and transform it into a layer.
png: Format created to improve upon and replace GIF (Graphics Interchange Format).
PNG was designed for transferring images on the Internet, not for professional-quality print
graphics. When you open a PNG in Photoshop and look at the Layers Window, you see
the image as Layer 1 —- which means that if you erase you will have a transparency.
Digital Artifact?
A Digital Artefact is any alteration in data introduced in a digital process involving technique and/or
technology. Digital artifacts can affect any types of documents including text, audio, video, image,
etc. We often use the word “glitch” to describe a digital artefact. Glitches can be used for artistic
purposes and can even be made on purpose
Databending
Databending is the process of manipulating a media file of a certain format, using software
designed to edit files of another format. Distortions in the medium typically occur as a result, and
the process either falls under a broader category of, or is frequently employed in glitch art.
Image Display
The percentage following the @ in the title bar of an image signifies at which “size” the image is
being displayed. In a way it is like a Zoom In or Out. When an image is being displayed at
100%, it means that what you are seeing on your screen is the actual size of the image
Digital images are measured in pixels. To change the size of an image in Photoshop:
Top menu / Image / Image size:
> Hue and Colors are the same thing.
Colors can be Warm or Cold
Value is a characteristic of colors: Value defines the lightness or
darkness of a color in terms of how close it is to white or black.
Values of light colors are called tints
Values of dark colors are called shades.
In Photoshop: Hue / Saturation (Command U)
The Hue/Saturation command in Photoshop
enables you to adjust the colors in your image
based on their hue, saturation, and lightness.
- Hue is the color in your image.
- Saturation is the intensity of the colors.
- Lightness adjusts the brightness value.
> When you desaturate completely the
colors: you “remove” the colors and are
left with only black, white and shades of
greys.
