Quiz Flashcards
Definition of Crash
The occurrence in a sequence of events which usually produce unintended injury, death, or property damage.
3 times a crash is not a crash:
- Homicide/ABDW
- Suicide
- Insurance Fraud
Definition of Traffic Way
Any land way open to the public
Boundary to boundary line
Collision
Involves pedestrians, parked cars, train, animals etc.
3 causes of a crash
- Human ex: driver failed to adjust
- Environmental ex: weather
- Mechanical ex: failure of the vehicle
Factors of a crash:
Speed, rain, bald tires
Why do we invest crashes and collisions
The 3 E’s
Enforcement- promoting traffic safety
Education- through education behavior can change
Engineering- P.Os are familiar with layout or roadways and the hazards.
Pre Trip
The events that occur or the conditions that exist before the trip is started.
Trip
Events or conditions that arise after the trip starts.
8 events of a crash
- Point of Possible Perception
- Point of Actual Perception
- Point of No escape
- Encroachment
- Point of First Contact
- Maximum Engagement
- Separation
- Point of Final Rest
Point of possible perception
The point place and time which a normal person could have or should have perceived the hazard.
Point of Actual Perception
The point at which the operator comprehends or perceives the hazard and realizes some action is required.
Point of No Escape
The place and time where the crash can not be avoided.
Encroachment
When one traffic unit enters the rightful path of another traffic unit.
Point of First Contact
The point of first touch between two traffic units, a fixed object or overturns.
Maximum engagement
Max penetration into another traffic unit or object during collision.
Separation
The point when the colliding traffic units begin to move apart or disengage and no longer influence each other.
Immediately after maximum engagement
Point of Final Rest
Two types:
1. Uncontrolled- each of the vehicles involved reached their final rest position as a result of the crash
- Controlled- the vehicles were moved to their present location prior to officers arrival.
2 Types of Damage
- Contact Damage- and damage that results from direct contact with another vehicle, pedestrian, fixed object.
- Induced Damage- any damage that is not the direct result of contact damage.
Grade
Standing on yellow double line, does the street go up or down.
Super elevation
Stand on double yellow line, look left to right! Does the road go up or down.
3 Types of Glare
- Headlight - typically at night (pedestrian)
- Fixed/Back - street light or advertising
lights - Solar - sun, can make things invisible (time of day)
3 Types of Tire Marks
- Skid
- Scuff
Tire is rotating Not sliding
Skid
Tire is sliding Not rotating
Scuff
Tires are sliding and rotating
Scub mark
Sideway movement, tire is locked or jammed
4 ways to determine Drag Factor
- Test skids
- Drag sled
- Electronic device
- Pre determined tables
3 Characteristics of a Yaw Mark
- Rear wheels have to cross over front wheels
- Diagonal Striation
- Mark has to be curved
3 Times a critical speed scuff CANNOT be used:
- If the vehicle articulates (motorcycle, trailer, pick up with trailer)
- Yaw mark was caused by impact (pit maneuver)
- If it violates any of the 3 characteristics of a Yaw.
