Quiz Flashcards
From the ____ words “Philos” meaning _____ and _______ meaning wisdom.
- study of the nature and acquisition of knowledge
Greek
love
Sophia
The unexamined life is not worth living.”
Socrates
Father of Western Philosophy,his emphasis on “Self Knowledge”
Socrates
Socrates was sentenced to death by drinking a cup of poison
Hemlock
man’s goal in life is to
Acquire hapiness
the supreme good that will secure happiness
Virtue
SOCRATES’ VIEW OF MAN
BODY-
SOUL-
PHYSICAL, VISIBLE,TEMPORARY
SPIRITUAL, INVISIBLE, PERMANENT
“Good actions give strength to ourselves and inspire good action in others”
Plato
contained Socrates’ philosophical arguments.
Socratic dialogue
which asserted that the ultimate reality exists beyond the physical world
Theory of Forms
is where man’s Forms (ideas) are known.
soul/mind
- The element that enjoys are sensual experiences
APPETITIVE SOUL
The element that loves truth and reason: forbid sensual experiences
RATIONAL SOUL-
The element that understands passion, honor and sense of victory
SPIRITED SOUL
For you have made us for yourself, and our hearts are restless until it rests in you.”
ST. AUGUSTINE
Works of st. Agustine
Confessions
City of God
Of Christian doctrine
capable of knowing the Truth and scientific thinking
Soul
Possesses the senses, imagination, memory, memory reason and mind
Body
It is aware of itself. Immaterial. Ability to recognize God
Soul
AUGUSTINE’S VIEW OF MAN
Body and Soul
Who said “I think therefore I am.”
RENE DESCARTES
a systematic process of being skeptical of one’s belief to ascertain their truthfulness.
Methodical Doubt
He is also known for the _______ statement “Cogito ergo sum” ________
Latin
I think therefore I am
As with previous philosophers Descartes asserted the “self” is:
Constant, not prone to change
The source of our identity
RENE DESCARTES’ VIEW OF MAN
Body
COGITO/MIND
Knowledge is derived from experience”
JOHN LOCKE
An English philosopher and physician during the Age of Enlightenment
John Locke
He views the “self” as including the memories a person has. It means that a person is the same person as yesterday as he remembers his thoughts and experiences
John Locke
The self as “Tabula Rasa” means
blank slate]
Knowledge is derived from human senses”
David Hume
the idea that knowledge comes from sense experience, opposing Descartes’ Rationalism
Empiricism
He divided the mind’s perceptions into two groups
Impressions and Ideas
Source of our Knowledge: Where it comes from Perceptions
1.Impressions /Sensations
Content of our Knowledge: What it is
2.Thoughts/ Ideas
“Reason is the final authority of morality”
IMMANUEL KANT
Kant A German philosopher famous in modern philosophy. He made contributions to ______,___________,____________
metaphysics, epistemology and ethics
Who said that the self is not the body but is outside of it
Kant
bridges the “self” and the material world
Knowledge
the mental process which a person makes sense of an idea by assimilating it to the body of ideas he/she already possesses
Apperception
IMMANUEL KANT’S VIEW OF MAN
EXPERIENCES/OUTER SELF
SELF APPARATUSES OF THE MIND/INNER SELF
It includes your senses and the physical world. Present in universe
EXPERIENCES/OUTER SELF
- It includes your rational intellect and one’s psychological state. Not present but experience
APPARATUSES OF THE MIND/INNER SELF
“Wish fulfillment is the road to the unconscious”
SIGMUND FREUD
which is based on the notion that a person is driven by unseen forces and controlled by conscious and rational thought.
psychoanalysis
Freud is also famous for his work on the _________
role of sex and the unconscious
Central to Freud’s theory is the Unconscious
A repository for traumatic repressed memories
Source of anxiety provoking drives that is socially unacceptable
3 Aspect of Personality
.Ego- reality principle
Superego- perfection principle
ID- pleasure principle
I act therefore I am”
Gilbert Ryle
His first book _________ is considered a modern classic. He disagreed with Descartes’ view that the mental and physical are separate.
The Concept of Mind (1949),
For _______ the self or our sense of self is a collection of our behaviors and actions
Gilbert Ryle,
The physical brain and not the imaginary mind gives us our sense of self”
PAUL CHURCHLAND
Canadian philosopher known for his studies in neurophilosophy and the philosophy of the mind
Paul Churchland
Chudchland philosophy stands on the __________ or that only the physical world exists.
materialistic view
He considers the idea that there is a soul or mind separate from the physical world is false calling it _________
eliminative materialism
As a materialist, he asserted that our sense of self originated from the brain and its functions
Paul Churchland
“Physical body is an important part of the self”
MAURICE JEAN JACQUES MERLEAU-PONTY
He does not believe in a dualistic view of the self rather the mind and body are connected
MAURICE JEAN JACQUES MERLEAU-PONTY
an entity that possess conscious experiences like feelings, beliefs, and desires
embodied subjectivity
MAURICE JEAN JACQUES MERLEAU-PONTY’S VIEW OF MAN
BODY- experience perception
PERCEIVED WORLD- accumulate perception
PEOPLE AND THE WORLD- society culture
the study of human social relationships and institutions. It is concerned with the way society influences our behavior patterns.”How does society influence you”
Sociology
It is the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society. Across history, societies base their survival on these norms
Socialization
was based on social rules and family- centeredness
as stability increases, individualism and self identity became central
Pre-modern times
modern times
Enumarate Key Characteristics of Modernity
Industrialism - extensive use of power and machinery
- Capitalism - production system involving market competition and supply-demand
- Institutions of Surveillance - increase of reach of institutions
- Dynamism - life becomes a vigorous activity and process
German
sociologist, philosopher, and critic. Simmel was influential in the field of sociology.
He expressed that people create social networks by joining social groups
George Simmel
two or more people interacting with similar characteristics and sense of identity
- ties/connections that link to your group. E.g. blood, friendship, learning
Social group
Social Network
Types of Social Group
- naturally occurring e.g. family. Formed in traditional societies. Organic Motivation - you join because you are part of it.
Rootedness; Less Freedom; Greater Social Conformity - occur in modern societies, formed out of shared self-interests - Rational Motivation
Dynamic; No meaningful connection
Organic group
Rational Group
Charles Horton Cooley
He was an American sociologist who was a founding member of the ________ and became its eighth president in _____. He pioneered sociological perspectives on self- development [1864-1929].
American Sociological Association in 1905
1918
The _______ wherein individuals base their sense of self on how they believe others view them
looking-glass self
According to Cooley (1902), in his work Human Nature and the Social Order, his “looking-glass self” involved three steps
1) You imagine how you appear to the other person.
2) You imagine the judgment of the other person.
3) You feel some sense of pride, happiness, guilt or shame.
He was an American philosopher prominent in both social psychology and Pragmatism.
George Herbert Mead
main contribution was his attempt to show how the human self arises in the process of social interaction.developed different stages of development
Mead
Mead’s Stages of Development
Language
Play
Game
Mead’s Concept of Self= 2 Parts
I and me
part of self created through socialization
-predictability and conformity come from the “me”
ME
part of self that is spontaneous, unpredictable, & creative
-acts in extreme situations of rage to excitement
but also….
I
It is the study of people’s experiences, past and present. It is concerned with understanding how humans evolved and how they differ from one another.
Anthropology
Anthropologists believe that no understanding of human beings is complete without the study of the full range of the human phenomenon.
The self is the “physical organism (biological), possessing psychological functioning (psychological) and social attributes (cultural)”
.
Conceptualized the Implicit and Explicit aspects of the self framed, maintained, and affected biologically, mentally, and socially
Joseph LeDoux-Neuroscientist
_____- the aspect that you are consciously aware of
_______- aspect that is not immediately available to the consciousness
Explicit
Implicit
“People construct a series of self-representations that are based on one’s cultural concepts and personal memories”
Katherine Ewing - Anthropologist and Professor
culturally shaped concepts applied to oneself, or which represents the self.
Self representation
is a powerful agent guiding the decisions and actions of humans in the given situation. It regulates, expresses and transforms the human psyche.
Culture
There are two ways the self is constructed by culture.
- Independent Construct -characteristic of individualistic culture
- Interdependent Construct - characteristic of collectivist culture
-American Developmental Psychologist
Catherine Raeff-American Developmental Psychologist
Relationships
Culture influences how you get into and keep a relationship.
Personality traits
Culture influences whether and a you value traits, such as self-esteem, politeness, humility, and assertiveness, also how you perceive hardship in life.
Achievement
Culture influences how you value specific types of individual and group achievements and how you define success
Expressing emotions
Culture influences how you express yourself and it will affect you emotionally.
Changes through time and is made up of quantifiable parts
Body
Conscious thinking substance unaffected by time known only to itself.
Cogito/mind
the self exists because of our conscious perceptions. What we cannot sense does not exist.
Hume
