quiz

Question 1

independent variables are manipulated (two groups, two levels, or condition for each IV)

Answer 1

feature of experimental design

Question 2

control of individual variability (random assignment to groups in between-subjects/independent group designs; each participant serves as their own control in within-groups designs and matched random assignment)

Answer 2

feature of experimental design

Question 3

sacrifice of ecological validity (need to consider experimental and mundane realism)

Answer 3

feature of experimental design

Question 4

problems: demand characteristics, reactivity, experimenter effects

Answer 4

feature of experimental design

Question 5

experimental variance: due to manipulation of IV; variance variance is due to what we put our participants through

extraneous variance: uncontrolled, confounding variables that affect the group as a whole; confound; occurs at the same time as the manipulation (like hx, if it only affects one group)

Answer 5

systematic between-groups variance

Question 6

error variance: random factors that affect only some participants in a group; random assignment helps to mitigate this

Answer 6

nonsystematic within-groups variance

Question 7

one IV with two groups/levels/conditions

Answer 7

simple randomized

Question 8

one IV with three or more groups/levels/conditions

Answer 8

multi-level, posttest only

Question 9

DV is measured before and after the intervention/tx

Answer 9

pretest-posttest control group

Question 10

participants matched on a given variable, compared to each other after treatment/intervention

Answer 10

match-subjects

Question 11

sensitive to time-related effects like history, maturation, statistical regression; lasting effects of one level or condition may affect subsequent levels or condition

Answer 11

within-subjects

Question 12

as many conditions as there are groups

Answer 12

factorial

Question 13

practice effects–train participants at the same level of performance
habituation
fatigue–give participants a break
carryover–allow enough time between levels/conditions for a washout period
sensitization–hard to control for; best not to use within-subjects design if this is going to be a concern

Answer 13

order effects and how to control for them

Question 14

participants matched precisely on a given characteristic (all groups have the same IQ score)

Answer 14

precision matching

Question 15

participants are matched based on a range (all group members’ IQs fall within the same range)

Answer 15

range matching

Question 16

for large number of conditions, this is giving every group/person a different order of questions/tasks

Answer 16

complete counterbalancing

Question 17

if there are 720 orders and only 60 participants, randomly select 60 of those orders and assign these to the 60 participants

Answer 17

partial counterbalancing

Question 18

each condition appears at each place in the order

Answer 18

Latin square design

Question 19

would use this for independent (between-groups design) and paired (within-groups) design

Answer 19

t-test

Question 20

would use this for one IV, two IVs, and three IVs

Answer 20

ANOVA

Question 21

use when you need to analyze results to make unplanned comparisons

Answer 21

post hoc statistical tests

Question 22

planned before the study, based on what you expect to see

Answer 22

a priori statistical tests