Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Organic Chem > Quiz > Flashcards

Quiz Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Oxybenzone protects the human skin from the sun’s harmful UV rays. What is the main UV ray that oxybenzone absorbs?

UVA ||
UVB
UVC
Two of the above are correct

A

Two of the above are correct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which disease is Oxybenzone found to be linked to?
Hirschsprung
Anorectal malformations
Melanoma
Carcinoma

A

Hirschsprung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which state in the US banned all sunscreens with active ingredients of oxybenzone and octinoxate?
California
Vermont
Washington
Hawaii

A

Hawaii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When oxybenzone reaches the ________, it will make a lethal toxin that damages the entire tissue and can cause extreme bleaching.
Jellyfish
Anemones
Sea pen
Hydra

A

Anemones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name one environmental impact oxybenzone contributes to other than the bleaching of coral reef mentioned in the presentation.

A

Another environmental impact that was mentioned in the presentation is rainbow trout’s decrease in egg production when highly exposed to oxybenzone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe in your own words how oxybenzone in sunscreen protects humans’ skin.

A

Oxybenzone protects the human skin by absorbing the sun’s harmful UV rays, such as UVB and UVA. Those UV rays are found to cause sunburns, skin cancer and aging.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does the dying of coral reefs affect marine life?

A

Coral reefs provide habitat for about 25% of marine life. For those creatures, the reef provides essential food, shelter and the spawning grounds. Thus, the dying of coral reefs would mean the loss of habitat for a large portion of ocean species, which would cause a significant threat to those species. This would potentially cause an imbalance in the ecosystem and further reduction in biodiversity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why do you think humans still choose to use sunscreen with oxybenzone even though they know it harms the environment?

A

I think one of the main reasons for why humans still use it is because of its convenience. Since most sunscreens on the market include oxybenzone, humans tend to not want to spend the time in looking at the ingredients list and specifically look for a sunscreen without oxybenzone. This is similar to our use of plastic. Despite knowing that it significantly contributes to global warming, it is so convenient that it is almost impossible to get rid of.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Oxybenzone is known to have a harmful effect on the environment. How would you design an alternative sunscreen to reduce the effect?

A

A possible solution is to design a mineral sunscreen instead of a chemical sunscreen. This can be done by substituting oxybenzone with an alternative compound such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, which are two other ingredients used in sunscreens that are found to be effective in preventing sunburns. Additionally, I would also make the packaging clear that this sunscreen does not contain oxybenzone and is friendly to the environment, attracting consumers to buy this sunscreen instead of the others, which have a high chance of containing oxybenzone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Do you believe that the pros of banning oxybenzone would be greater than the cons? Explain your answer.

A

I believe that the pros of banning oxybenzone would be greater than the cons. As mentioned in the presentation, oxybenzone causes significant damage to marine life. I think that the damage to marine life would eventually have an impact on humans as well. For example, lots of our food, especially seafood, comes from the ocean. The dying of fishes would mean the loss of human’s source of food too. While some might say that banning oxybenzone would negatively impact the economy, I believe that damaging the environment would cause much greater effects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the main component of a typical photovoltaic (PV) solar panel?
Copper
Iron
Silicon
Silver

A

Silicon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which country is currently the largest producer of solar energy in the world?
India
United States
Germany
China

A

China

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which of the following is a disadvantage of solar energy?
Low initial installation costs
Limited availability of sunlight
Harmful emissions during operation
High maintenance requirements

A

High maintenance requirements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

. Which of the following is an example of a concentrated solar power (CSP) system?
A solar-powered water heater
A solar-powered calculator
A solar-powered airplane
A solar thermal power plant

A

A solar thermal power plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who discovered the photovoltaic effect?
Edmond Becquerel
Charles Fritts
Daryl Chapin
Calvin Fuller

A

Edmond Becquerel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is your opinion on solar technology?

A

It is an important invention:Renewable energy source, clean and environmentally friendly, energy independence, cost savings, diverse applications, scalability and modularity, job creation……
It is unnecessary: high initial costs, land and space Requirements, geographic limitations, environmental impact of manufacturing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why is solar technology important?

A

Economic Growth Opportunity(Solar energy industry creates more jobs than any other US sector)
Energy Independence(Not reliant on the power grid which is prone to outages,
Less vulnerable to changing gas costs, When paired with a backup battery system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How can solar energy help in reducing air pollution?

A

Solar energy helps in reducing air pollution by displacing the use of fossil fuels, which are significant contributors to air pollution. Solar power generation produces electricity without emitting harmful pollutants like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, which have adverse effects on human health and the environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is one disadvantage of solar technology?

A

Cost: Solar panels are expensive to purchase
Weather dependent: Solar technology can only get power when the sun is out. So when it is night or during winter solar technologies have trouble generating power .
Take up space: When trying to generate large amounts of power through solar panels it will require a huge area to place these solar panels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why are solar panels made of semiconductive materials?

A

When this material is exposed to photons of sunlight (very small packets of energy) it releases electrons and produces an electric charge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of CSP(Concentrating solar-thermal power)?

A

It uses mirrors to reflect and absorb sunlight onto the receiver, and the receiver contains a fluid that uses thermal energy from the sun to be heated up. When this fluid is heated up it can be used to generate electricity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the main topic of the presentation
Marine life
Air pollution
Energy recycling
Ocean waste

A

Ocean waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Plastics are synthetic chemicals made of _________ that have the chemical formula CnH2n, making them a(n) __________

Hydrocarbons, alkane
Petroleum, alkene
Hydrocarbons, alkene
Petroleum, alkene

A

Hydrocarbons, alkane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which one of the following are a cause of ocean pollution?
Large animal populations
Improper waste management
Climate change
Volcanic activity

A

Improper waste management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is one benefit of innovative technology in addressing ocean waste issue?
Developing biodegradable and compostable materials
Creating more waste product in the ocean
Lower the cost of energy
Less noise pollution in the enviroment

A

Developing biodegradable and compostable materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which marine animal is particularly vulnerable to ocean waste in the presentation
Dolphin
Clownfish
Sea star
Jellyfish

A

Dolphin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Provide three reasons why ocean plastic waste are harmful to the ecosystem and briefly explain each of the reasons

A

Ingestion: Marine animals, such as sea turtles, seabirds, and marine mammals, often mistake plastic debris for food. They may consume plastic items, including fragments and microplastics, as they resemble their natural prey. Ingested plastics can cause blockages in their digestive systems, leading to malnutrition, internal injuries, and even death.
Entanglement: Discarded fishing nets, ropes, and other plastic materials floating in the ocean can entangle marine animals. This can result in severe injuries, restricted movement, and drowning. Creatures like seals, dolphins, whales, and sea turtles are particularly vulnerable to entanglement, which can disrupt their natural behaviors and reproductive cycles.
Chemical exposure: Plastics in the ocean can leach harmful chemicals and additives into the water. These chemicals, such as phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), can be toxic to marine organisms. Exposure to these substances can disrupt reproductive systems, impair growth and development, and weaken immune systems, making animals more susceptible to diseases and other stressors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Explain how the composition of plastics contribute to their long decomposition time

A

The composition of plastics are primarily made up of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum which make the plastics durable and long lasting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Explain how plastics are carried to the ocean

A

Plastics are carried by currents, wind, storms, and rainwater.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Describe two technological strategies that could reduce plastic waste in the ocean and save the vulnerable marine animals

A

General prevention technology: Developing an effiecient waste management including recycling programs, waste-to-energy facilities, and strict regulations on plastic production and consumption.
Plastic regulation: Impose plastic waste reduction policies established by nations across the world, promoting sustainable alternatives, international cooperation & cleanup efforts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Give 2 reasons why humans should prioritize the ocean waste issue

A

Enviromental impact: Ocean waste plastics directly impact marine diveristy and habitat. In addition, chemicals from the plastics can impaire growth and immune system of the marine organisms making them vulnerable to diseases.
Economic causes: Ocean waste plastics result in significant economic losses. The tourism industry, which heavily relies on pristine coastal environments, can suffer due to the negative aesthetic impacts of plastic pollution. Furthemore, the costs associated with beach cleanups, waste management, and the disposal of plastic waste add to the economic burden as well as its not easy and a quick process to clean up these surrounding bodies of water.

32
Q

What are some examples of ocean waste plastics in the presentation.

A

These plastics come in various forms, including bottles, bags, packaging materials, fishing nets, and countless other discarded items made from synthetic polymers

33
Q

What are the 2 types of recognized smog?
Sulfurous Smog and photochemical smog
Photochemical smog and chemical smog
Sulfurous smog and bacterial smog
Photochemical and Nitrogenous smog
Oxygen smog and hydrogenous smog

A

Sulfurous Smog and photochemical smog

34
Q

How does ozone impact the environment?
Damages plant cells and inhibits their growth
Reduces the amount of carbon dioxide they take in during photosynthesis
Results in reduced agricultural yields
None of the above
All of the above

A

All of the above

35
Q

How much money has air pollution caused to the economic cost?
3 million
5 billion
4.5 trillion
2.9 trillion
4 million

A

2.9 trillion

36
Q

What kind of ozone is very dangerous?
Ground level ozone
Atmospheric ozone
Stratospheric ozone
High-level ozone
UV ozone

A

Ground level ozone

37
Q

When smog enters the atmosphere what colour does it cause?
Yellowish
Brownish
Green
Grey
Orange

A

Brownish

38
Q

How does acid rain negatively affect some animals?

A

Some fish and animals, such as frogs, struggle to reproduce in the acidic environments

39
Q

Explain the 2 ways smog impacts plants.

A

Ozone
Damages plant cells and inhibits their growth
Reduces the amount of carbon dioxide they take in during photosynthesis
Results in reduced agricultural yields
Causes disintegration and deterioration in synthetic materials such as rubber, cotton, and other materials

Particulate Matter
Smothers plants
Limits their exposure to the Sun and inhibits their ability to take in carbon dioxide, limiting their abilities in photosynthesis
Chemical composition of particulate matter affects the soil around plants

40
Q

Sulfurous smog is mostly found in areas where there is more industry, and photochemical smog is mostly found in urban areas. Why do you think this is?

A

Most industrial processes give off fossil fuels such as coal burning. Sulfurous smog is caused by sulfur using fossil fuels (particularly coal). Urban areas consist of a lot of towns and cities which are areas that typically use many vehicles. The hydrocarbons given off by the vehicles react with the sunlight to produce ozone.

41
Q

How does sulfurous smog contrast with photochemical smog?

A

Sulfurous Smog

Chemicals are aggravated by the dampness and high concentration of suspended particulate matter in the air

Photochemical Smog

Nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons undergo photochemical reactions in the lower atmosphere
In the presence of sunlight, the highly toxic gas ozone that arises reacts with the light to produce nitrogen dioxide

42
Q

What are some solutions you can come up with that would reduce the harmful impacts of smog on our environment?

A

Recycling plastics, avoiding using gas stoves, keeping your car in good condition (Particularly the engine), limiting backyard fires, etc.

43
Q

Do you agree that photochemical smog gas could be more harmful than sulfurous smog gas? Why or why not.

A

Yes, because photochemical smog contains NO2 which is a fairly unstable diatomic molecule and is highly reactive due to it being a free radical.

44
Q

What causes ocean acidification?
a. Increased absorption of nitrogen
b. Decreased absorption of carbon dioxide
c. Increased absorption of carbon dioxide
d. Decreased absorption of nitrogen

A

c. Increased absorption of carbon dioxide

45
Q

How does ocean acidification impact human health?
a. It causes skin allergies
b. It causes seafood poisoning and illnesses
c. It increases human metabolic rate
d. It causes respiratory issues

A

It causes seafood poisoning and illnesses

46
Q

What is the economic impact of ocean acidification?
a. Increased supply of seafood
b. Decreased prices for seafood
c. Increased prices for seafood due to low harvest
d. Increased employment in the seafood industry

A

Increased prices for seafood due to low harvest

47
Q

How does ocean acidification affect marine organisms?
a. It causes organisms to grow larger
b. It makes it easier for organisms to build shells
c. It makes it difficult for organisms to build shells and may cause existing shells to dissolve
d. It has no effect on marine organisms

A

c. It makes it difficult for organisms to build shells and may cause existing shells to dissolve

48
Q

How does ocean acidification contribute to existing environmental issues?
a. It reduces the impact of water pollution
b. It helps clean up plastic waste in the ocean
c. It mitigates the effects of agricultural runoff
d. It increases the damaging effects of water pollution and absorbs chemicals from agricultural runoff

A

d. It increases the damaging effects of water pollution and absorbs chemicals from agricultural runoff

49
Q

What is the chemical equation that represents the process of ocean acidification?

A

CO₂ + H₂O <-> H₂CO₃ <-> H+ + HCO₃-

50
Q

Explain in your own words how ocean acidification occurs.

A

Answers will vary but should include the main points: Ocean acidification occurs when carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is rapidly absorbed by seawater, forming carbonic acid which breaks down into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. The hydrogen ions then bond with free carbonate ions forming more bicarbonate ions, reducing the availability of free carbonate ions for shell-building organisms.

51
Q

Describe how the process of ocean acidification could impact a local fishing community.

A

Answers will vary but may include details on a decrease in fish population, reduced harvests, increased seafood prices, and potential loss of jobs in the fishing industry.

52
Q

What are the potential consequences of ocean acidification on the marine food chain?

A

Answers will vary but should include details like the death or weakening of shell-building organisms which can disrupt the food chain, potentially leading to the collapse of marine ecosystems.

53
Q

How might a decrease in the availability of marine organisms due to ocean acidification influence global food security?

A

Answers will vary but should include details on potential food shortages, increase in food prices, and increased reliance on other food sources.

54
Q

Discuss the possible strategies to reduce or mitigate the effects of ocean acidification.

A

Answers will vary but should include potential strategies like reducing carbon emissions, protecting and restoring marine ecosystems, or researching and developing new techniques to mitigate ocean acidification.

55
Q

What is Nuclear Fission?
Process of combining two nuclei together
Process of multiplying two nuclei
Process of splitting the nucleus of an atom
None of the above

A

Process of splitting the nucleus of an atom

56
Q

What elements are most commonly used?
Uranium-235 and Plutonium-238
Actinium-228 and Neptunium-238
Palladium-112 and Radon-224
Osmium-192 and Cerium-142

A

Uranium-235 and Plutonium-238

57
Q

What can Nuclear Fission be used for?
Phone Batteries
Electricity (Nuclear Power Plants)
Temperature Regulation
Atomic Bombs
Two of the above
None of the above

A

Two of the above

58
Q

How many nuclear fission bombs were deployed as attacks?
1
2
3
4

A

3

59
Q

What do nuclear reactors use to cool down the reaction?
Water
Ethylene Glycol
Corrosion Inhibitors
Propylene Glycol

A

Water

60
Q

What does ionizing radiation do?
Takes electrons from biotic atoms
Accelerates molecular decomposition
Heats Substances
Cools Substances

A

Takes electrons from biotic atoms

61
Q

What are two ways nuclear fission has impacted society? (Knowledge)

A

The bombings made people very afraid of what nuclear fission could do when wielded for destruction.
Nuclear Power plants produce a lot of electricity that is mostly green, aside from the low amount of radioactive waste.

62
Q

Why do nuclei have to be hit by a neutron to cause nuclear fission? (Comprehension)

A

Because most nuclei are naturally stable, and the instability that causes the nucleus to split is mostly generated by hitting it with a neutron.

63
Q

What is your opinion on nuclear weapons research? Should it be legal or illegal? Why? (Evaluation)

A

This is opinion based, so I’ll just put my opinion. For this, I think that nuclear weapons have too much potential fallout from use, that they should stay illegal forever. Unless a fleet of alien starships try to take over our planet, I don’t see any useful and positive impacts coming from nuclear weapons

64
Q

What do you think would happen in a ‘nuclear holocaust’? (Most, if not all nuclear bombs set off at once). (Application)

A

Mostly opinionated, but also a nuclear winter, where the aftermath and debris of the impacts would settle in the atmosphere, soaking up all the sun rays and preventing heat from entering or leaving the planet. This would lower temperatures to such a degree that most, if not all life would die out, choked by the ashes and other airborne debris that was carried on the wind. Additionally, the radioactivity would mutate and kill the remaining living organisms, causing cancer and sickness in animals.

65
Q

Describe your own solution to the radioactive waste outputted by nuclear power plants. (Synthesis)

A

Once again individual based, but personally in the ideal scenario I would look to fund ways to repurpose the waste, making it so that nuclear plants didn’t really output ‘waste’ at all, but realistically I would find or dig out a large cavern, and drill holes in every surface, even the ceiling, where the waste could go. Then use the standard sealing method to keep the radioactive material in concrete until it was no longer dangerous.

66
Q

Does nuclear fission and its uses consume money, generate money, or both? How and why? (Analysis)

A

It does both. The industry of nuclear power generates a lot of money, because the cost of running the plant is less than the profit generated by people using the power. On the other hand, the research into nuclear weapons funded in the late 19 hundreds cost billions of dollars. This money goes into paying the researchers, material costs, maintenance of their facilities, etc. There are also current costs to modern day research, as it requires funding as well.

67
Q

What is the most common mobile phase?

A
Hydrophobic pentane
B
Hydrophobic silica
C
Hydrophobic hexane
D
Hydrophobic heptane

A

Hydrophobic hexane

68
Q

Chromatography is used to analyze components within food
Chromatography is used for identification of harmful substances
Chromatography helps diagnose newborn babies with various diseases
None of the above

A

None of the above

69
Q

) What type of pesticide is Glyphosate?

A
Fungicide
B
Insecticide
C
Herbicide
D
Avicide

A

Herbicide

70
Q

Glyphosate…

A
Has poor volatility and high polarity
B
Is the most common pesticide in Canada
C
Is an amino acid type herbicide
D
All of the above

A

All of the above

71
Q

What type of chromatography is used to diagnose babies with various diseases?

A
Liquid chromatography
B
Chromatography mass spectrometry
C
Gas chromatography
D
Absorption chromatography

A

Liquid chromatography

72
Q

What has Chromatography been used for? (Give a specific example)

A

Is used for identify chemicals by breaking them down into their constituent compounds
Examples:
Identifying harmful preservatives
Analyzing components within food
Can prevent substance abuse by identifying the substance and can be used to confirm the drug’s original identity
Can be used to identify diseases affecting newborn babies

73
Q

) Describe the process of Chromatography.

A

An unidentified compound is placed into mobile phase
A constant flow to solvent (g, l) in the column
The absorbent is pact within the column, called the stationary phase, which is used to separate the compound within the chemical to eluate

74
Q

How can Chromatography be used to identify pesticides?

A

(reference the experiment)

75
Q

What are the features of Glyphosate?

A

Phosphorus-containing amino acid type herbicide
High polarity and poor volatility
Causes plants to be more vulnerable to fungal disease

76
Q

What solutions would you give to using glyphosate?

A

Using a different type of pesticide
Or using organic pesticides (pesticides that don’t contain harmful chemicals)
Using a different gardening technique
Rotating crops regularly

77
Q

What do you think about the toxic waste produced by chromatography?

A

Chromatography has done a lot of good for us, but the toxic waste that it produces can negatively impact the environment, especially gas chromatography as it damages surrounding environments due to the radioactive decay which I think is the problematic side of this process. I think scientists should come up with a solution to this problem in order to keep our environments and ourselves safe.

Organic Chem (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions