Quiz 13- sediments

Question 1

sedimentary environment

Answer 1

area of sediment deposition characterized by specific climate conditions, and physical, chemical and biological processes

Question 2

Continental Environments:

Answer 2

Lake
Alluvial
Desert
Glacial

Question 3

Lake

Answer 3

Transport: lake current, waves
Sediments: mud, sand, saline precipitates in arid climates
Climate: Arid - Humid
Biological Processes: freshwater organisms/precipitates

Question 4

Alluvial

Answer 4

Transport: river currents
Sediments: sand, mud, gravel
Climate: Arid - Humid
Biological Processes: organic matter in muddy flood deposits and wetlands

Question 5

Desert

Answer 5

Transport: wind
Sediments: sand, dust
Climate: arid
Biological Processes: little biological activity

Question 6

Shoreline Environments:

Answer 6

Delta
Beach
Tidal Flats

Question 7

Delta

Answer 7

Transport: river currents, waves
Sediments: sand and mud
Climate: arid - humid
Biological Processes: burial of plant debris

Question 8

Beach

Answer 8

Transport: waves, tidal currents
Sediments: sand and gravel
Climate: arid - humid
Biological Processes: little biological activity

Question 9

Tidal flats

Answer 9

Transport: tidal currents
Sediments: sand and mud
Climate: arid - humid
Biological Processes: organisms mix sediments

Question 10

Marine Environments:

Answer 10

Deep Sea
Continental Shelf
Organic Reefs
Continental Margin/Slope

Question 11

Deep Sea

Answer 11

Transport: ocean currents
Sediments: mud/sand
Biological Processes: deposition of remains of organisms

Question 12

Continental Shelf

Answer 12

Transport: waves and tides
Sediments: sand and mud
Biological Processes: deposition of remains of organisms

Question 13

Organic Reefs

Answer 13

Transport: waves and tides
Sediments: calcified organisms
Biological Processes: secretion of carbonates by corals, etc.

Question 14

Continental margin/slope

Answer 14

Transport: ocean currents and waves
Sediments: mud and sand
Biological Processes: deposition of remains of organisms

Question 15

Diagenesis

Answer 15

the many physical and chemical changes that result from the increasing temperatures and pressures as they are buried ever deeper into earth’s crust

Question 16

Diagenesis Steps

Answer 16

1. sediments deposited and buried at shallow depths in Earth’s crust
2. diagenesis: Cementation- minerals precipitated in the pores between sediment particles and bind them together
   Compaction- decrease in volume and porosity of sediment (squeezes out water) => lithification
3. different sediments result in different rock from fine to coarse (ex. sand = sandstone, mud = shale, gravel = conglomerate)
   Organic Matter: Diatoms = natural gas/oil, plants = coal (Heat to 90 or 120 C)

Question 17

Lithification

Answer 17

Hardening of soft sediment into rock

Question 18

Porosity

Answer 18

Percentage of a rock’s volume consisting of open pores between particles

Question 19

Glacial

Answer 19

Transport: ice, meltwater
Sediments: sand, mud, gravel
Climate: cold
Biological processes: little biological activity