QUIZ

Question 1

is a gradual and progressive process and at birth the lngs have only reached the basic functioning to support extrauterine life.

Answer 1

Fetal Lung developmemt

Question 2

the alveoli develop in increasing number until what age?

Answer 2

8 years

Question 3

a full term infant has estimated how many alveoli?

Answer 3

50 million alveoli to 250 million

Question 4

Day 26-52

Answer 4

embryonal(trachea,major bronchi)

Question 5

day 52 to week 16

Answer 5

pseudoglandular(remaining conducting airway

Question 6

week 17- week 26

Answer 6

canalicular( vascular bed, framework of respiratory acini

Question 7

week 26- week 36

Answer 7

saccular( increased complexity of saccules

Question 8

week 36 to term

Answer 8

alveolar

Question 9

includes primitive lng development and is generally regarded to encompass the first 2 months of gestation

Answer 9

embryonal phase

Question 10

lung begins to emerge as a bud from the pharynx

Answer 10

26 days after conception

Question 11

left and right pulmonary artery and veins start to develop

Answer 11

week 5

Question 12

during the embryonal phase, the respiratory epithelium develops from an area of the endoderm reffered as

Answer 12

foregut bud

Question 13

this also develops during embryonal stage of lung development

Answer 13

diaphragm

Question 14

complete development of the diaphragm

Answer 14

week 7 of gestation

Question 15

the respiratory epithelium begins to grow during?

Answer 15

embryonic phase(day 1 - 26)

Question 16

the lobar bronchi form two branching from the left bud and three from the right.

Answer 16

31 days

Question 17

this will develop into the pulmonary interstitium, smooth muscle , blood vessels and cartilage

Answer 17

mesenchyme

Question 18

when will the diaphragm form from five different elements within mesoderm

Answer 18

starting 31 days and ending about 7 weeks

Question 19

failure of the diaphragm to completely close during this phas results in

Answer 19

congenital diaphragmatic hernia occuring in 2000 to 4000 births

Question 20

this sis named after the distinct glandular appearance of the developing lung

Answer 20

Pseudoglandular phase

Question 21

pseudoglandular phase extends to week?

Answer 21

16 of gestationstation

Question 22

the most distal structure

Answer 22

terminal bronchioles

Question 23

this wee the airway has branched to about 4 generations

Answer 23

week 7

Question 24

in this week the major lobes of the lung are identifiable

Answer 24

week 12

Question 25

smooth muscle around the airways begins developing around

Answer 25

weeks 10 and 24

Question 26

immature cartilage begins too form around

Answer 26

week 11

Question 27

cilia appear on the surface of the lungs epithelium starting at

Answer 27

10 weeks to 13 weeks

Question 28

the presence of mucus can be found in the fetal lung starting at

Answer 28

week 13

Question 29

cells that are responsible for creating mucus

Answer 29

goblet cellsl

Question 30

this phase is so named bec of the appearance of vascular channels, or capillaries, that begin to grow

Answer 30

canalicular phase

Question 31

during the canalicular period that are consist of respi bronchiole, alveolar ducts and sacs

Answer 31

acinar unit

Question 32

Pulmonary acinar units are also formed in this period

Answer 32

canalicular period

Question 33

what consist of the acinar unit?

Answer 33

respiratory brochiole, respiratory sac, respiratory ducts

Question 34

the survival of fetus become possible at

Answer 34

week 22-24 gestation

Question 35

the canicular lungs stage

Answer 35

week 17-26

Question 36

this part has no cartilage and are prone to airway collapse

Answer 36

respiratory bronchiole

Question 37

this is secreted by epithelial cells of the lungs to help patency of the airway

Answer 37

fetal lung fluid

Question 38

fetal lung fluid seceretes how many ml

Answer 38

250 to 300 ml

Question 39

the volume of fetal lung approximates the

Answer 39

FRC

Question 40

Approximately 26- 36 weeks gestation

Answer 40

saccular phase

Question 41

at the beginning of this stage the terminal saccules are formed

Answer 41

saccular phase 26 weeks gestation

Question 42

during this phase there is marked an increased in the potential gas exchanging surface area

Answer 42

saccular phase

Question 43

true alveolar appear at about 30 weeks in the airways distal to the terminal bronchioles, forming, short, shallow sacs

Answer 43

saccules

Question 44

Each saccule is made up of type I and type II cells and functions as an ?

Answer 44

alveolar-capillary membrane

Question 45

Saccules are closely grouped, making the space between them, called the? also is is twice as thick as an alveolar wall.

Answer 45

the septa

Question 46

toward the end of this phase at about week 35 this one begins to appear.

Answer 46

mature surfactant

Question 47

a neonate born at this point is at minimal risk for pulmonary complications at birth caused by?

Answer 47

lung immaturity

Question 48

distinction between the saccular and alveolar phases is somewhat?

Answer 48

arbitrary

Question 49

these are the primarily a postnatal event, extending beyond birth with rapid growth up to 18 months post-gestation.

Answer 49

alveolar maturation and proliferation

Question 50

it is characterized by a complex interaction of epithelial, fibroblast, and vascular growth factors with extracellular matrix components.

Answer 50

Alveologenesis

Question 51

It has been estimated that only how many percent of the adult number of alveoli are present at birth, and thus alveologenesis is largely a postnatal event.

Answer 51

15% to 20%

Question 52

this phase begins at about week 36, approximately I month before a full-term delivery. Alveoli are quickly proliferating during this phase, growing in number to the millions by the time of delivery.

Answer 52

The alveolar phase

Question 53

There is published evidence to show that the number of alveoli present in the lungs at term range from how many?, with other data

Answer 53

zero to 50 million

Question 54

how many fold that the lung volume increases

Answer 54

23-fold

Question 55

how many fold that the alveolar number increases

Answer 55

6-fold

Question 56

how many fold that the alveolar surface increases

Answer 56

21-fold

Question 57

how many fold that the lung weight increases

Answer 57

20-fold

Question 58

Lung volume increases disproportionally to what?

Answer 58

alveolar number.