Quiz 12: Brainstem, CNS Flashcards
List 2 structures located in the Medulla
Pyramid, Decussation of pyramid, Olive
The ______ tract is contained in the pyramids
corticispinal
List two functions of the Reticular Formation
Arousal, consciousness
Respiration control
Heart rate, blood pressure
Why are even small brainstem lesions potentially very devastating?
These are potentially life-threatening because many autonomic processes are regulated here, such as respiration and heart rate. Also, because sensory and motor commands pass through the brainstem in a compact space, a small lesion could interrupt many signals and lead to a coma, paralysis, or locked-in syndrome.
What is the main motor function of the Cerebellum?
Coordination
Balance–integrates vision, vestibular sense & proprioception
Motor learning– automatic sequences
The cerebellum has _____ (number) hemispheres and a central midline structure called the ______________________.
two
vermis
Two deficits associated with cerebellar damage are _________________ dysarthria and __________________ tremor.
ataxic dysarthria (Akward use of speech muscles –uncoordinated speech ‘drunken’ speech)
Intention tremor (purposeful movements)
What type of language deficits have been linked in research to cerebellar damage?
High level language difficulties, such as fluency, figurative language; synonyms & antonyms, sarcasm
Which two cranial nerves emerge anteriorly to the brainstem on the ventral aspect of the brain?
Olfactory and optic cranial nerves
The Substantia Nigra in the midbrain is part of the ______ system.
basal ganglia/extrapyramidal
List two sensory cranial nerves
CN I Olfactory
CN II Optic
CN VIII Vestibulocochlear
List two motor Cranial Nerves
CN III Occulomotor
CN IV Trochlear
CN VI: Abducens
CN XI: Accessory
CN XII: Hypoglossal
List two mixed Cranial Nerves
CN V: Trigeminal
CN VII: Facial
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal
CN X: Vagus
What neurotransmitter is associated with the Substantia Nigra?
Dopamine
