QUIZ Flashcards
RULE 1:
General Provisions
The National Building Code shall provide
a framework of minimum standards and
requirements for all buildings to regulate
their location, design, quality of materials,
construction, and use.
Purpose of the Code
The National Building Code (NBC) applies to the design, location, siting, construction, alteration, repair, conversion, use, occupancy, maintenance, moving, demolition of and addition to public and private buildings, except traditional dwellings and BP 220 projects.
Scope of application
All on-site work done from site preparation, excavation, foundation, assembly of all the components and installation of utilities and equipment of buildings/structure
Construction
Any new construction which increases
the height or area of an existing
building/structure
Addition
Construction in a building/ structure involving changes in the materials used, partitioning, location/ size of openings, structural parts, existing utilities and equipment but does not increase the overall area thereof.
Alteration
Any physical change made on a building/
structure to increase its value, utility and/
or to improve its aesthetic quality
Renovation
A change in the use or occupancy of a
building/ structure or any portion/s
thereof which has different requirements
Conversion
Remedial work done on any damaged or
deteriorated portion/s of a
building/structure to restore its original
condition
Repair
The systematic dismantling or destruction
of a building/ structure, in whole or in
part
Demolition
A secondary building/ structure located
within the same premises, the use of
which is incidental to that of the main
building/structure
Ancillary building structure
RULE 2:
Administration and
Enforcement
Duties include: – Policy making – Memorandum circulars – Prescribe fees – Appoint building officials in all municipalities
Secretary of the DPWH
• Tasked with the enforcement of the Code in his jurisdiction • Issues, denies, suspends and revokes permits • Undertakes inspection of buildings • Acts on claims
The Building Official
prescribes the fees
The DPWH Secretary
collects the fees
The Building Official
list of fee exemption
Public buildings
• Traditional family dwellings
– A dwelling intended for the use by one family
and constructed of native materials (bamboo,
nipa, logs, lumber), the total cost of which
does not exceed PHP15,000.
(8) offenses in building permit
•Proceeding with work without a permit
• Unauthorized deviations from the
drawings during construction
• Non-compliance with work stoppage order
• Non-compliance with order to demolish
•Use of a building without securing a Certificate of Occupancy
• Change in use without the corresponding
Certification of Change of Use
• Failure to post Cert. of Occupancy
• Change in type of construction without permit
6 list to considered a dangerous buildings
Structural hazard • Fire hazard • Unsafe electrical wiring • Unsafe mechanical installation • Inadequate sanitation and health facilities • Architectural deficiency
3 Options for dangerous buildings
Repair
• Vacation
• Demolition
RULE 3:
Permits
A written authorization granted by the
Building Official to an applicant allowing
him to proceed with construction after
plans, specifications and other pertinent
documents have been found to be in
conformity with the Code
Building permit
When is a building permit required?
Before constructing, altering, repairing,
converting, moving, adding to,
demolishing a building.
(2) Building permit exemptions
- Minor constructions
* Repair works
Minor construction examples
• Minor structures 6 sqm or less detached
from other buildings, for private use only.
(Example: Sheds, poultry houses,
greenhouses)
• Open terraces or patios not exceeding 20
sqm.
• Window grilles
• Garden pools 500mm deep or shallower
• Garden masonry walls not exceeding
1.20m in height
Repairs example
• Not involving structural members • Of non-load bearing partition walls • Not involving addition or alteration • Of doors, windows, floors, fences and walls • Of plumbing fixtures
Bldg. Permit requirements?
• Application forms • If lot is owned, – OCT or TCT – Tax declaration – Current real property tax receipt
• If lot is NOT owned,
– Contract of Lease or Deed of Absolute Sale in
place of TCT
• Five sets of plans and specs, signed and
sealed by various professionals
Issuance of permits
• 15 days from payment of fees
Liability clause
What article states that the engineer or architect who drew up the plans and specs is liable for 15 years from completion of the building should it
collapse due to defects in the plans or the ground?
Article 1723 of the Civil Code
In case the building collapses due to defects in construction or the use of inferior materials, the\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_along with the\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_shall be liable.
contractor,construction supervisor
Shall be secured before using or
occupying a building?
Certificate of occupancy
Requirements of Certificate of Occupancy?
– Certificate of completion
– Logbook
– As-built plans and specs
– Building inspection sheet
Expiration of building permits
• Construction does not commence within 1
year from date of issue
• Construction does not resume 120 days
after suspension or abandonment of work
Non-issuance, suspension,
revocation?
- Errors in plans and specs
- Incorrect or inaccurate data declared
- Non-compliance with the Code
Inspection and supervision
• The owner of the building must engage
the services of a licensed architect or civil
engineer to undertake the__________of the construction.
full-time inspection and supervision
RULE 4:
(5) Types of Construction
Type I
• Wood construction
Type II
• Wood construction with fire-resistant
materials
• One-hour fire-resistive throughout
Type III
• Masonry and wood construction
• One hour fire resistive throughout
• Incombustible exterior walls
Type IV
• Steel, iron, concrete, or masonry
construction
• Incombustible interiors (ceilings, walls)
Type V
• Four-hour fire resistive throughout
• Structural elements of steel, iron, concrete
or masonry
Rule 5: Areas within which only certain types of construction are allowed, based on their occupancy, type of construction, and resistance to fire
Fire zone
Fire zone designations
– All types of construction allowed?
- Non-fire restricted zones
Fire zone designations
– Type I construction NOT allowed?
- Fire restrictive zones
Fire zone designations
– Types I, II, and III NOT allowed?
- Highly fire restrictive zones
Buildings in multiple fire zones
• Shall be considered as part of the more
restrictive zone if______is in that zone
more than 1/3 of its total
floor area
RULE 6:
Fire Resistive Requirements
• The degree to which a material can withstand fire • Usually expressed in the form of a time period rating (how long a material can withstand being burned)
Fire resistive rating
RULE 7:
Occupancies + Requirements
Occupancies are assigned to________while zones are assigned to____________?
buildings,lands
10 list of Occupancy classifications A B C D E F G H I J
- A – Residential dwellings
- B - Residentials, hotels, apartments
- C - Education and recreation
- D – Institutional
- E – Business and mercantile
- F – Industrial
- G – Storage and hazardous
- H – Assembly other than Group I
- I – Assembly with 1,000 or more occupant load
- J - Accessory
Zoning classifications R C GI I UTS SPE PRE CUL A AI PUD
•R – Residential •C – Commercial • GI – General institutional •I – Industrial • UTS – Utilities, Transportation, Services • SPE - Special • PRE - Park structures, recreation, entertainment • CUL – Cultural •A – Agricultural • AI – Agroindustrial • PUD – Planned unit development
Occupancies
Residential building for single family
occupants?
Residential building for non-leasing
occupants not exceeding 10 persons
A – Residential dwellings
• A-1
• A-2
Multiple dwelling units including boarding
or lodging houses, hotels, apartment
buildings, rowhouses, convents,
monasteries and other similar building each
of which accommodates more than 10
persons.
B: Residentials, hotels, apartments
• Buildings used for school or day-care
purposes not classified in Group H or I
occupancies
C: Education + recreation
Institutions where personal liberties are
restrained (mental hospitals, jails)
D: Institutional
• D-1
Institutions for the care of non-
ambulatory patients and children under
kindergarten age
D: Institutional
D-2
Institutions for ambulatory patients and
homes for children over kindergarten age
D: Institutional
D-3
No work is done except exchange of
parts, maintenance without open flame,
welding, or highly flammable liquids
(gasoline filling station, storage garage)
E: Business + mercantile
• E-1
Wholesale and retail stores, office
buildings, dining establishments
E: Business + mercantile
E-2
Aircraft hangars and open parking
garages (no repair work)
E: Business + mercantile
E-3
• Light industrial • Ice plants, power plants, pumping plants, cold storage, factories and workshops using incombustible and non-explosive materials
F: Industrial
Medium industrial, storage of highly
flammable materials
G: Storage + hazardous
• G-1
Medium industrial, storage of flammable
materials: dry cleaning plants, paint stores, spray-painting rooms
G: Storage + hazardous
G-2
Medium industrial structures where
loose combustible fibers are generated: wood working establishments
G: Storage + hazardous
G-3
Medium industrial for repair garages
and engine manufacturing
G: Storage + hazardous
G-4
Medium industrial for aircraft repair
G: Storage + hazardous
G-5
Assembly buildings with stage for less
than 1,000
H: Assembly for less than 1,000
• H1
Assembly buildings without stage for
300 or more
H: Assembly for less than 1,000
H2
Assembly buildings without stage for
less than 300
H: Assembly for less than 1,000
H3
Recreational/tourism developments
not included in other H classifications
(stadiums, reviewing stands, and
amusement parks)
H: Assembly for less than 1,000
H4
Any assembly building with a stage and
an occupant load of 1,000 or more
I: Assembly for 1,000 or more
Agricultural structures?
J: Accessory
• J1
Carports/garages, fences, towers and
pools
J: Accessory
J2
Stages, courts, tombs, mausoleums,
zoos, and banks
J: Accessory
J3
Zoning classifications
• Low-density residential zone
• Characterized by single-family and single-
detached dwellings
R1
• Medium-density residential zone
• Characterized by low-rise single-attached,
duplex, or multilevel buildings for use as
multiple family dwellings
R2
R2
- Further subclassified into:
- Single attached or duplex, 1-3 floors?
- Low-rise multi-level building, 3-5 floors
– Basic R2
–Maximum R2
• High-density residential zone • Characterized low-rise or medium-rise buildings for use as multiple family dwellings • Includes low-rise or medium-rise condominium buildings
R3
R3
- Further subclassified into:
- Rowhouses 1-3 storeys high?
- Medium-rise multilevel structure 6-12 storeys high?
– Basic R3
– Maximum R3
• Medium to high-density residential zone
• Characterized by low-rise townhouses or
buildings for use as multiple family
dwellings
• Refers to structures on an individual lot
(“townhouse”)
R4
• Very high density residential zone
• Characterized by medium-rise to high-
rise condominiums
R5
- Light commercial
- Neighborhood to community in scale
- Low-rise buildings (1-3 storeys)
- Low-intensity trade/activity
- Example: Small shopping centers
C1
- Medium commercial
- City or municipal in scale
- Medium-rise buildings (3-5 storeys)
- Medium to high intensity trade
- Example: Shopping centers
C2
• Metropolitan commercial • Metropolitan in scale • Medium to high-rise buildings (3-5 storeys) • Very high intensity trade • Example: Large to very large shopping malls
C3
• Community to national level of
institutional use. Low-rise to high-rise.
• Two types: – Education/Recreation
GI
- Light industrial use
- Low-rise but sprawling
- Low-intensity manufacturing
I-1 (Industrial)
- Medium industrial use
- Low-rise but sprawling
- Medium-intensity manufacturing
I-2 (Industrial)
• Utilitarian, functional uses
• Low-rise to medium rise
• Low to high-intensity community support
functions
• Two clusters:
– Transport terminals, intermodals, depots
– Power/water generation/distribution, telcos,
waste management facilities
UTS (Utilities, transpo, services)
- Other vertical facilities not yet mentioned
* Included cemeteries and memorial parks
SPE (Special)
• Low-rise to medium rise • Low to medium intensity recreational functions related to educational uses (parks on campus, other recreational/assembly structures on campus)
PRE (Park structures,
recreation, entertainment)
• Community to national level of use or
occupancy
• Low-rise to medium rise
CUL (Cultural)
• Low to medium rise • Low to high intensity agricultural activity • Includes farms, but also offices and facilities for agricultural research and training
A (Agricultural)
• Low rise • Low to high intensity agroindustrial activity • Includes offices and facilities for agroindustrial education and research
AI (Agroindustrial)
• Land development or redevelopment schemes for a new project which has a CDMP (Comprehensive Development Masterplan) or equivalent • Example: Bonifacio Global City
PUD (Planned unit development)
The building adheres to
the stricter requirements.
– If it’s a one-storey building, in which case
each portion shall conform to applicable rules
– If the minor occupancy does not exceed 10% of the building, in which case it is ignored
Mixed occupancies
• Rule of thumb:
• Exceptions:
Occupancy separations
– Separation: 1 hour
– Openings: 1 hour
– Separation: 2 hours
– Openings: 2 hours
- One-hour fire resistive
* Two-hour fire resistive
– Walls and wall openings
• Walls: 3 hours fire resistive
• Wall openings: Total width shall not exceed 25% of
wall length. No opening shall be larger than 10
sqm.
– Separation: 4 hours
– Openings: Not allowed
- Three-hour fire resistive
* Four-hour fire resistive
• No building shall be constructed unless it
adjoins or has direct access to a public
space, yard, or street on at least one of its
sides.
Right of way/Access to property
Eaves over required windows shall at least
be 750mm from the side and rear
property lines.
Eaves over windows
A fireproof barrier used to prevent the
spread of fire between or through
buildings
Firewalls
• Why are firewalls important?
Because when they are built, the building or parts of the building extends into the setbacks.
Allowable firewalls Not allowed – However, an abutment up to 3.20m high is OK for carports provided that above 1.50m, the abutment shall be constructed of perforated concrete blocks.
• R1:
– Maximum 80% of the length of side property
line.
• R2: One side only
- Maximum 85% of each side
- Total should not exceed 65% of lot perimeter
- Two storeys high only
- 90% of side or rear (up to 100% for rear if only 4m)
- Total should not exceed 50% of lot perimeter
- Two storeys high for side, 3.20m high for rear
• R3: Two configurations are allowed:
– Option A: Two sides
– Option B: One side + Rear
– Maximum 85% of each side
– Total should not exceed 50% of lot perimeter
– Maximum height: three storeys
• R4: Two sides
- Maximum 75% of each side
- Total should not exceed 50% of lot perimeter
- Maximum height: 8 storeys
- Maximum 65% of side and 50% of rear
- Total should not exceed 60% of lot perimeter
- Maximum height: 8 storeys for side, 14m for rear
• R5: Two configurations allowed:
– Option A: Two sides
– Option B: One side + Rear
- Provide sprinkler system
- Install fire-retardant or fire-suppression devices
- Maximum 70% of lot perimeter
- RROW setbacks are complied with
• Commercial, institutional, and industrial
- The total floor space inside the building
- Keyword: inside/enclosed
- Includes services/parking (unlike GFA)
TGFA
• Total gross floor area
Allowable max. TGFA?
formula
• Format: Number of floors x footprint
(7)Lot types?
- Inside or regular lot
- Through lot
- Corner lot
- Corner-through lot
- Interior lot
- End lot
- Corner lot abutting 3 or more streets etc.
• From established grade line to the topmost portion of the building • Excludes allowed projections above the roof, like: – Signage – Masts – Antenna or telecom tower
BHL
• Building height limit
highest adjoining sidewalk or
natural grade line
Grade line
• If grade is sloping:
– If less than 3 meters diff.,
take highest grade
• If grade is sloping:
– If more than 3 meters diff.,
take the average
How to establish top of building
- If roof is flat,top =
- If roof is sloping, top=
rooftop
middle of roof height
Building height + RROW
• The RROW width also dictates the BHL:
0-3m RROW:
2.0 storeys or 6.0m
Building height + RROW
• The RROW width also dictates the BHL:
4-5m RROW:
2.5 storeys or 7.5m
Building height + RROW
• The RROW width also dictates the BHL:
6-7m RROW:
Only exceptions:?
3.0 storeys or 9.0m
PUD
Other considerations: BHL
• The volume/bulk being constant, a building with a lesser PSO or AMBF may be built higher than one with a higher PSO. • A building with a greater TGFA requirement may be built higher than one with a lower TGFA requirement.
• A building with a higher FLAR designation may be built higher than one with a lower FLAR designation. • Lots facing a wider RROW may become the site of a taller building than a lot facing a narrower RROW.
Parking slot sizes
Car
Perpendicular parking-
2.50m 5.00m
Car
Parallel parking-
2.15m 6.00m
Jeepney
3.00 m 9.00m
Standard truck/bus
3.60m 12.00m
Articulated truck
3.60m 18.00m
Sample parking requirements
• Hotels
– If highly urbanized, 1 slot for every 3 rooms
– If not, 1 slot for every 7 rooms
– 2 tourist bus parking slots
– 1 loading slot for articulated truck
• Churches
– For every 50sqm. of congregation area, provide:
• 1 car slot
• 1 jeepney slot
• Public universities
- 1 car slot for every 5 classrooms
- 1 loading space for 2 jeepney or shuttle slots
- 1 school bus for every 200 students
• Public hospital
• 1 car slot for every 25 beds
• 1 loading space for 2 jeepney/shuttle slots
• 1 slot for articulated truck
• 1 slot for standard truck for every 5,000sqm gross
floor area
• Add truck maneuvering space outside RROW
Fractions in computations
• When computing for parking slots, a
fraction of______or higher shall be
considered as one slot.
• In all cases, at least one slot shall be
provided unless otherwise allowed.
50%
Off-site parking lots
• If a multi-floor parking garage is located
within a_________of the building,______of the required parking provisions may be served the multi-floor parking garage.
200-meter radius
20%
Off-site parking lots
• Reserved or leased parking slots may also
serve the parking requirements if:
– The slots are in a permanent parking building
and not in a vacant parking lot.
– The said parking building is:
• Not more than_______away, if residential
• Not more than______away, if commercial
100m
200m
• To prevent this, direct access of
parking/loading/utility slots to the RROW
shall be disallowed
Maneuvering space
• The building ingress and the intersection
shall be at least_________(measured
between the two nearest curbs)
50m apart
Front yards as parking
• Not allowed for the following:
– R2 Maximum
– R3 Maximum
– GI
– C1, C2 and C3
• 50% of front yard may be used as parking
for R2 Basic and R3 Basic
Minimum requirements
for Group A dwellings
Sanitation
• At least one sanitary toilet and adequate
washing and draining facilities
Foundation
• At least 250mm thick
• At least 600mm below the surface of the
ground
Structural loads
• First floor live load: 200kg/sqm
• Second floor live load: 150kg/sqm
• Wind load for roofs: 120kg/sqm (vertical)
Stairs
• Minimum width: 750mm
• Maximum riser: 200mm
• Minimum tread: 200mm
Entrance and exit
• At least one entrance, and another one for exit
Development controls Terms defined: • TLA= • PSO= • TOSL=
-Total lot area
-Percentage of site occupancy
o The part of the lot occupied by the building
(A.K.A. building footprint expressed in %)
-Total open space within lot
o The part of the lot NOT occupied by the
building
formula?
• TLA=
• TLA = PSO + TOSL
Terms defined
• USA=
• ISA=
- Unpaved surface area
- Impervious surface area
formula?
• Since “open space” = TOSL,
TOSL
TOSL = USA + ISA
formula
• MACA=
TLA =
MACA = PSO + ISA
TLA = MACA + USA
Terms defined
• AMBF=
• GFA=
Allowable max. building footprint
• Footprint expressed in square meters
Gross floor area
• Total enclosed floor area (including balconies)
• Excludes the following enclosed areas:
– Parking, services, utilities
– Vertical penetrations in parking floors if not used for
residential or commercial purposes
– Balconies exceeding 10sqm, uncovered areas, fire escape
structures, etc.
terms defined • TGFA= • AMVB= • OFB= • FLAR=
Total gross floor area
• Includes all enclosed floor areas, no exceptions
-Allowable max. volume of
building
- Outer faces of the building
- Floor and lot area ratio
A volume quantity
fomula:
Building bulk=
Building bulk
Building bulk = Footprint x Height
- Determine the AMBF
- Determine the BHL (in meters)
- AMBF x BHL = Building bulk
Building bulk by AMBF projection
formula
FLAR=
FLAR : Floor to lot area ratio
– Total floor area / lot area
– For example, a FLAR designation of 1.50 means
that a lot measuring 100sqm may accommodate
a building whose total floor area is 150sqm.
formula
footprint=
[(FLAR x TLA)/number of storeys] x BHL
a plane originating from the
RROW that establishes the outer limit for walls and building projections.
Angular plane
Other development controls
formula
• AMBF (Allowable maximum building
footprint)
= TLA – Yards/setbacks + Additional area due to firewalls
Other development controls
formula
• PSO=
• PSO = AMBF / TLA
Other development controls
formula
• GFA=
• GFA = TLA x FLAR
Other development controls
formula
• TGFA=
• TGFA = GFA + Non-GFA – Courts
• Every building shall be designed,
constructed, and equipped to provide
adequate light and ventilation.
Intent
Variables
- Setbacks
- Site occupancy
- Room sizes
- Ceiling heights
- Window sizes
- Courts
• Taken at ground level and exclusive of
courts, yards, and light wells.
Measurement of site occupancy
fomula
• TLA=
• TLA = PSO + TOSL
formula
• TOSL
- USA = minimum value
- ISA = maximum value
• TOSL = USA + ISA
the required open space left between
the outermost face of the building and the property lines
Yard
the width of the yard
Setback
Courts
• Minimum dimension:
• Hence, minimum area:
• All inner courts shall be connected to a
street or yard by a passageway at least__________
• Minimum dimension: 2.00m
• Hence, minimum area: 4.00sqm
-atleast 1.20m wide
Joining of courts
• Minimum dimension may be reduced to_______in cluster living units with adjacent courts
- Mininum area per court:
- Separation wall:
1.50m
• Mininum area per court: 3.00sqm
• Separation wall: 2.00m high maximum
Parking spaces and carports
• If a carport is roofed, it will be considered part of the_______and not the TOSL.
building footprint
• However, uncovered parking spaces,
driveways, and access roads may be
considered part of the________if
unroofed/open to the sky
open space
Use of front yard as parking
• Only allowed for single family dwelling
units falling under the following zoning
classifications:
– Basic R-2
– Basic R-3
– R-4
Minimum ceiling heights
Ground floor:
Second floor :
Succeeding floors :
Mezzanines :
Ground floor 2.70m 2.70m
Second floor 2.40m 2.70m
Succeeding floors 2.10m 2.70m
Mezzanines 1.80m 1.80m
Minimum room sizes
Room for human habitation
Kitchen
Toilet and bath
Room for human habitation
6.00sqm 2.00m
Kitchen 3.00sqm 1.50m
Toilet and bath 1.20sqm 0.90m
Air space requirements
School rooms
Workshop,factories, offices
Habitable rooms
School rooms 3.00 cubic meters 1.00sqm
Workshop,factories, offices 12.00 cubic meters
Habitable rooms 14.00 cubic meters
Windows
Habitable room
Bathrooms,laundry rooms,
etc.
Minimum area of windows
Habitable room 10% of floor area
Bathrooms,laundry rooms,etc. 5% of floor area
Absolute minimum
- 1.00sqm
- 240sq.mm.
• Situated outside of private property limits
• Should be equally enjoyed by all members
of the community
• The only uses allowed are those that
support its public recreational character
Easement is public land
Prohibited uses for easements
• Residential
• Long term parking, unless duly designated
as pay-parking zones
• Commercial/institutional uses not
compatible with its public character
• Any private use at the expense of the public
Encouraged uses for easements
- Esplanade developments
* Promenade developments
• The carriageway shall be free of structures, particularly commercial signs that will impede the view corridor and sightlines within the RROW • To dignify important public/historical buildings, all forms of commercial signs intruding into the RROW leading to or away said structures shall be disallowed
View corridors + sightlines
• No building shall be constructed unless it
adjoins or has direct acess to a public space,
yard, or road on at least one side.
RROW
Allowed uses within the RROW?
• Transportation structures – Mass transit lines – Mass transit stations – Waiting sheds – Traffic outposts • Limited commercial structures if they are complementary to the transportation uses
Allowed uses within the RROW
• Improvements on the RROW
• Improvements on the RROW – Carriageway – Sidewalks – Planting strips – Street furniture – Elevated or underground crossings – Traffic/directional signages
Allowed uses within the RROW
• Public utility/service structures provided
that they do not restrict or impede the
movement of people and vehicles
– Power – Water – Drainage – Gas – Telecommunications
Prohibited uses within the RROW?
• The RROW is public land and should be equally enjoyed by all members of the community • Hence, the following are uses not to be allowed within the RROW
• Commercial structures • Residential structures • Government structures unless located below or above grade • Long-term or overnight vehicle parking unless duly designated as pay-parking zones • Depository of stalled, wrecked, or abandoned vehicles • Unauthorized recreational or entertainment usage which will only benefit certain entities and which will ultimately result in inconvenience or nuisance to the general public
• Interior or rear lots shall have an access
road with a minimum width of 3.00m.
Provide a 4.00m wide chaflan at the
intersection with the main RROW.
Access to property
The minimum___________wide access road
necessarily includes all provisions for drainage and for utility lines. It must be maintained free of all forms of obstructions at all times, particularly parked or abandoned vehicles that may impede rescue/emergency response.
Trees or plants should not be sited within any part of the minimum 3.0m wide access road i.e.suggested for planting within the property limits instead.
3.0 m wide
Three RROW levels
- RROW above grade
- RROW at grade
- RROW below grade
• From the finished surface of the roadway
all the way up to the air
• If utilized for whatever purpose, the use or
air rights must be compensated for (leased
from the government)
• Minimum clear height: 4.27m from crown
of carriageway
RROW above grade
• From natural grade line to the finished
surface of the carriageway or sidewalk
• Generally utilized for the movement of the
general public (motorists and pedestrians)
• If utilized for whatever purpose, proponent
must lease/pay the government
RROW at grade
• From finished surface of roadway all the
way down into the ground
• If utilized for whatever purpose, proponent
must lease/pay the government
RROW below grade
• The local planning authority shall determine which streets shall have an open sidewalk or an arcaded sidewalk, or a combination of both • For a RROW width of 9.00m or more, the minimum sidewalk width shall be 1.20m on each side of the RROW. For RROW less than 9.00m, refer to Table VIII.G.3
Sidewalks
Driveways across sidewalks
• If curb height = 200mm or lower, the
driveway and the sidewalk shall be on the
same plane. Provide entry ramp of slope_____connecting the carriageway to the sidewalk/curb.
slope 1/3 to 1⁄4
Driveways across sidewalks
• If curb height = greater than 200mm, a curb cutout for the driveway may be allowed and the driveway may be constructed along the entire width of the sidewalk. The sidewalk and the driveway shall be joined by a ramp with a slope of not more than_____
1/8
is meant to separate the
curb from the sidewalk, and must always be placed near the curbline.
Planting strips
RULE 9:
Sanitation
• All buildings shall be provided with the ff:
– Adequate and potable water supply
– Adequate plumbing installation
– Suitable wastewater treatment/disposal system
– Storm water drainage
Basic sanitation provisions
• Potable water shall be sourced from the
existing municipal waterworks system
whenever possible
Water source
• Shall conform to the criteria in the National Standards for Drinking Water
Water quality
• Sanitary sewage from buildings shall be
discharged directly into the nearest street
sanitary sewer main
• If no sanitary sewerage system is available,septic tanks may be used
Waste disposal system
• Rainwater drainage shall not discharge into the sanitary system
Storm drainage
• All plumbing installations (water supply
and drainage) shall conform to the National Plumbing Code
National Plumbing Code
RULE 10:
Building Projections Over Public Streets
Are projections beyond the property line allowed?
• No. Unless otherwise allowed by the Code.
Projections into the RROW
footings located at least 2.40m below grade may project 300mm (maximum) beyond the property line?
Foundations may encroach 500mm into the sidewalk if top of foundation is at least 600mm below grade
- National roads or public highways
* Public sidewalk
Balconies
• Clearance between sidewalk grade and
lowest portion of balcony=_______
3.00 m minimum
may be constructed on sidewalks
of streets whenever allowed or required by existing building and zoning regulations.
Arcades
• Arcades shall be at least 3.00m above the sidewalk grade.
• Unless at least 2.40m above the pavement,no door or window shall project beyond the property line when fully opened or upon opening.
Doors and windows
• Every corner building or fence on a public
street less than 3.60m wide shall be
truncated at the corner to form a chaflan.
• The chaflan shall be at least 4.00m wide.
Chaflans
RULE 11:
Protection of Pedestrians
• No person shall use or occupy a street orsidewalk for the performance of work
except in accordance with this rule
• No work shall be performed adjacent to apublic way unless pedestrians are protected
as specified in this rule
Protection of pedestrians
• Shall not obstruct utility provisions (fire hydrants, fire alarm box, manholes) • Shall not interfere with drainage • Shall not interfere with vehicular and pedestrian traffic
Storage in public property
• The mixing of mortar or concrete shall not be allowed on public streets.
Mortar mixing
Temporary walkways • When the Building Official authorizes a sidewalk to be closed, a temporary walkway at least 1.20m wide shall be provided • If the street has no sidewalk, width may be reduced to\_\_\_\_\_\_ • If RROW is\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_wide or less, no temporary walkways are allowed.
• If the street has no sidewalk, width may be
reduced to 600mm.
• If RROW is 5.00m wide or less, no
temporary walkways are allowed.
• If the sidewalk will only be partially
occupied, a temporary walkway will not be required provided that a width of at least 600mm with railings on the roadside is left open
• Provide railings (1.00m min. height) for
walkways located beside the road or an
excavation
Temporary walkways
Fences + canopies
• Fences shall entirely enclose a construction
site
• Minimum height:
• Minimum height: 2.40 meters above curb
Fences + anopies
• For canopies:
• For canopies: clear unobstructed height of 2.40m above the walkway
RULE 12:
General Design Requirements
• Excavations must not endanger life or
property
• Any person undertaking an excavation
shall ensure that the soil of the adjoining
property will not cave in or settle.
• Cut slopes shall no be steeper than 2:1
(horizontal:vertical).
Excavations
• Shall be determined by dividing the floor
area assigned to that use by the unit area
allowed per occupant as shown on Table
XII.1.
Occupant load
Occupant load
Use- Area/occupant- 2 exits required if more than
Dwellings - 28.00 - 10 Hotels, apartments- 18.60- 10 Classrooms- 1.80- 50 School shops/labs- 4.60- 50 Hospitals- 8.40- 50
Stores – Basement- 2.80- 50
Stores – Ground floor-2.80- 50
Stores – Upper floors-5.60- 10
Stores – Offices- 9.30- 30
Auditoriums,theaters, churches,stadiums
-0.65- 50
Number of exits
• Every building shall have at___
• Upper floors with occupant load of more
than 10 shall have____
• A mezzanine floor bigger than 185sqm or
having more than 18.00m in any dimension
at least one exit
at least two exits
shall have at least two stairways to an
adjacent floor
Number of exits
- Every floor with occupant load of 500-999 shall have at least______
- Every floor with occupant load of 1000 or more shall have______
- 50% of floor above + 25% of floor above that
at least 3 exits.
at least 4 exits.
Width of exits • Total width of exits = • Note: This is the total width in meters • Again, +50% of occupant load of storey above + 25% of occupant load of storey above that
Occupant load/165
Arrangement of exits
• If two exits are required, the two exits must be apart by_____of the perimeter of
the area served.
• If three or more are required, they shall be arranged a reasonable distance apart
at least 1/5
Distance to exits
• If without a sprinkler system, _____
maximum
45.00m
• If with a sprinkler system, ______
maximum
• Measured from any point in a building,
measured along the line of travel
60.00m
Exit doors
• When serving an occupant load of 50 or
more, must swing in the direction of exit
travel
• Double acting doors shall_____be used as exits when serving a tributary load of more than 100. Must be provided with a view panel of not less than 1300 sq. cm.
not
• Exit doors shall be openable from the inside
without the use of a key or any special
knowledge or effort
Type of locks
Size of doors
• Minimum width of doorway: \_\_\_\_ • Minimum height of doorway: \_\_\_\_ • Minimum clear width of exitway: \_\_\_\_ • Shall be capable of opening at least \_\_\_\_\_ degrees • Maximum door leaf width: \_\_\_\_\_
• Minimum width of doorway: 0.90mm • Minimum height of doorway: 2.00m • Minimum clear width of exitway: 0.70m • Shall be capable of opening at least 90 degrees • Maximum door leaf width: 1.20m
Prohibited doors?
– Revolving doors
– Sliding doors
– Overhead doors
• There shall be a floor or a landing on each side of an exit door
• The floor/landing shall not be more than
50mm lower than the door threshold
• Exception: For Group A or B occupancies, a door may open over the top step provided that
the landing is not more than 200mm from the
floor level and the door does not swing over
the top step.
Change in floor level at doors
Corridors
• Minimum width:_____
• This width shall be unobstructed, except
that trim handrails and doors when fully
opened shall not reduce the required with
by more than 200mm.
• Doors in any position shall not reduce the
width by more than 1⁄2.
1.10m
Dead ends
• Maximum length:
6.00m
Stairway widths
• Occupant load more than 50: _____
• Occupant load of 50 or less: ______
• Occupant load of less than 10 (private): _____
• Handrails shall not reduce the width of
stairways by more than _____
• Occupant load more than 50: 1.10m
• Occupant load of 50 or less: 0.90m
• Occupant load of less than 10 (private): 0.75m
• Handrails shall not reduce the width of
stairways by more than 100mm
Riser and tread
• Maximum riser: _____
• Minimum tread: _____
- Maximum riser: 200mm
* Minimum tread: 250mm
Stairway headroom
• Not less than____
• Not less than 2.00m measured from the nosing
• Length = stairway width
• If the stairway has a straight run, landing
length does not need to exceed 1.20m
• Landing width shall not be reduced by more
than 100mm by any door when fully opened
• Max. vertical distance between landings:
3.60m
Landings
• Stairways shall have handrails on each side
• If a stairway is more than 3.00m in width, at least one intermediate handrail shall be
provided
• Height of handrails: 800-900mm above the nosing of treads
handrails
Basement stairways
• If a basement stairway and a stairway to an
upper storey terminate at the same exit
enclosure, a ________shall be provided to prevent persons from continuing into the
basements
• Also; provided directional exit signs
barrier
• Allowed as exits as long as the required tread
(250mm) is provided at a point 300mm away
from the narrow end
• However, the tread must not be narrower
than 150mm at any point
Winding stairways
• May be used as exits provided that the
minimum width of run is not less than
250mm
Circular stairways
• Aisles leading to an exit shall be provided for
all portions with installed seats, tables, etc.
• Shall be at least 0.80m wide if serving only
one side, or 1.00m if serving both sides
• This minimum width shall be measured at
the point farthest from the exit, and shall be
increased by 30mm for every meter in length
towards the exit
Aisles
• The line of travel to an exit door by an aisle shall not be more than 45.00m • Maximum 7 seats between wall and aisle • Maximum 14 seats between two aisles • Maximum slope: 1 in 8
Aisle travel distance
• The number of seats between aisles may be
increased to 30 if:
– Exit doors are provided along each aisle at the
rate of 1 pair of exit doors for every 5 rows of
seats
– The back-to-back distance between seats is 1.00m
minimum
– Minimum clear width of exit doors is 1.70m
Aisle travel distance
Standard seats
• Back-to-back distance:____
• Width: _____
- Back-to-back distance: 840mm minimum
* Width: 450mm minimum
Grandstands/bleachers • Back-to-back distance: – if without backrests – if with backrests – if chair seating
– 600mm if without backrests
– 850m if with backrests
– 850mmif chair seating
• Width:
• Rise:
• Number of seats between any seat and an aisle
shall not exceed 15 seats (31 seats bet. 2 aisles)
- Width: 450mm minimum
* Rise: 400mm maximum
• Automatic fire extinguishing systems are
required for the following:
– Habitable storeys with an area of 200 sqm or more with an occupant load of more than 20
– Dressing rooms, rehearsal rooms, workshops or
factories with occupant load of more than 10
– Assembly halls under Group H and I with
occupant load of more than 500
Fire extinguishing systems
• All buildings 4 or more storeys in height shall
be equipped with one or more dry standpipes
• Standpipes shall be located within enclosed
stairway landings
• Siamese connections shall be located on the
street-front of a building 300mm-1200mm
above grade
Dry standpipes
• The following shall have wet standpipes:
– Group H or I occupancy of any height
– Group C occupancy 2 or more storeys in height
– Groups B, D, E F and G 3 or more storeys in height
– Group G and E occupancy over 1800 sqm in area
• Exemption:
– Group H buildings without stage whose seating
capacity is less than 500
Wet standpipes
• All portions of the building are within 6.00m of a nozzle attached to a hose 23.00m in length (standpipes 58.00m apart) • For assembly occupancies: – 1 outlet on each side of the stage – 1 at the rear of the auditorium – 1 at the rear of the balcony
Locations of wet standpipes
RULE 13:
Electrical + Mechanical
Referral codes
• All electrical systems and installations shall conform to the provisions of the Philippine Electrical Code pursuant to
RA 7920
Electrical Engg. Law
• All mechanical systems and installations
shall conform to the provisions of the
Philippine Mechanical Code pursuant to
RA 8495 (Mech. Engg. Law)
Clearance of service drops • from highest point of roofs • from the ground • (horizontal) from windows/porches • from the crown of the street or sidewalk
• No service drop conductors or any other
wiring shall pass over swimming pools
Clearance of service drops • 2.50m from highest point of roofs • 3.00m from the ground • 1.00m (horizontal) from windows/porches • 5.50m from the crown of the street or sidewalk
• Hoistway pit: minimum 600mm from
underside of car to bottom of pit
• Maximum four elevators in a single
hoistway
• Residential buildings 5 storeys or higher
shall have at least one passenger elevator
on 24-hour constant operation
Elevators
Escalators
• Maximum inclination:_____
• Width between ballustrades:_____
• Speed:_____
• Maximum inclination: 30° from horizontal
• Width between ballustrades: 560mm-
1200mm. Shall not exceed the width of the step by more than 330mm
• Speed: 38 meters per minute maximum
(common rule is 90-120 fpm/27.5-36.5mpm)
Air conditioning • Comfortable cooling standards: – Temperature: \_\_\_\_\_ – Humidity: \_\_\_\_\_ – Air movement: \_\_\_\_\_
• Comfortable cooling standards:
– Temperature: 20°-24° Celsius
– Humidity: 50% - 60%
– Air movement: 4.60-7.60 meters per minute
• Installation of pumping equipment directly from the public water supply system is prohibited
Water pumping
RULE 14:
Photo/X-ray Films
• Provide automatic fire extinguishing
systems for the ff:
– When unexposed films in shipping containers
exceed 14.00 cubic meters
– When shelving used for storing film exceeds
1.40 cubic meters in capacity
Film storage rooms
• No films shall be stored within 600mm of steam pipes, chimneys, or other sources of heat
Film storage rooms
RULE 15:
Prefabricated Construction
• A structural unit, the integral parts of which have been built-up or assembled prior to incorporation in the building • To determine structural adequacy, they shall pass special tests conducted by accredited material testing laboratories
Prefabricated assembly
RULE 16:
Plastics
Approved plastics
• Those which have a flame-spread rating ______
• Those with a smoke density not greater than that obtained from the burning of untreated wood
• Those whose products of combustion are no
more toxic than those of untreated wood
flame-spread rating of 225 or less
Plastic doors
• Plastic doors are allowed except for
______ and _______, which
should be of materials other than plastics
entrance doors and exit doors
RULE 17:
Sheet Metal Spray booths
• Paint spray booths shall be constructed of not less than No. 18 US Gauge in thickness
• The area of a spray paint booth shall not
exceed 150sqm
• The floor of the booth, if combustible, shall be covered with non-combustible material
• Shall permit the free passage of exhaust air
Sheet metal spray paint booths
RULE 18:
Glass + Glazing
• Applies to all exterior glass/glazing except
Groups A, B, and J not taller than three
storeys
• Each glass panel shall bear the
manufacturer’s label designating the type
and thickness of glass
General requirements
• Glass panels with special performance
characteristics shall bear the
manufacturer’s label indicating said
characteristics
• Measures shall be taken to keep persons
from walking into fixed glass panels where
the floor on both sides of the glass are the
same level (guardrails, etching, flower bins)
General requirements
RULE 19:
Use of Computers
• The use of computers for all or any part of building design is permitted provided that all programs to be used are documented
General requirements
• File with the OBO a reference to a publication accessible to him where a detailed description of the program including a description of the algorithms are found • The software name, version number and the developer and its address shall be provided as part of documentation
Program documentation
RULE 20:
Signs
• No sign shall be erected in such a manner as to confuse or obstruct the view or interpretation of any official traffic
sign/device
• Signs in any foreign language shall have a translation in English or the local dialect
Signs
• No sign shall be erected in such a manner as to confuse or obstruct the view or interpretation of any official traffic
sign/device
• Signs in any foreign language shall have a translation in English or the local dialect
Signs
• No signs shall be installed on rooftops of buildings of wooden structures or of
buildings with wooden roof framing
• Provide grounding of metallic parts of roof signs exposed to lightning
Roof signs
• Shall be located within the property line
and under no circumstances shall they
occupy the RROW
Ground signs
Projecting signs
• On non-arcaded RROW:
– Signs shall not project more than 1.20m
Projecting signs
• On arcaded RROW:
– Signs shall not project more than 0.60m
Projecting signs
• Buildings abutting RROW without sidewalks:
– Signs shall not project more than 0.30m
Projecting signs
• Minimum vertical clearance
– Non-arcaded RROW:
3.00m from road surface to lowest part of signs
Projecting signs
• Minimum vertical clearance
– Arcaded RROW:
5.00m from road surface to
lowest part of signs
