Quiz 1 Wordbank

Question 1

Anti-oncogenes (aka tumor-supressor genes)

Answer 1

Genes that tell cells to stop multiplying

Question 2

Benign

Answer 2

Tumors that are generally well differentiated and do not metastasize or invade surrounding normal tissue. They are often encapsulated and slow growing

Question 3

Biopsy

Answer 3

Surgical removal of a small tissue sample from a solid tumor to determine the pathology for the diagnosis of disease

Question 4

Carcinomas

Answer 4

Tumors that originate from the epithelium and include tissues that cover a surface or line a cavity

Question 5

Epidemiology

Answer 5

Study of defining the distribution and determinants causing disease and injury in human populations

Question 6

Etiology

Answer 6

Study of the causes of disease

Question 7

Grade

Answer 7

Grade of a tumor provides information about its biological aggressiveness and is based in the degree of cell differentiation. For some tumors, such as high-grade astrocytoma, grade is the most important prognostic indicator

Question 8

Malignant

Answer 8

Tumors that are malignant often invade and destroy normal surrounding tissue and, if left untreated, can cause the death of the host

Question 9

Necrosis

Answer 9

Death or disintegration of a cell or tissue caused by disease or injury

Question 10

Palliation

Answer 10

Noncurative treatment to relieve pain and suffering when the disease has reached the stage at which a cure is no longer possible

Question 11

Prognosis

Answer 11

Estimation of life expectancy

Question 12

Prospective study

Answer 12

Study in which the theory of the cause of a condition or disease is tested by examining those who have a particular characteristic or trait.

Question 13

Proto-oncogenes

Answer 13

The normal genes that play a part in controlling normal growth and differentiation

Question 14

Radioprotectors

Answer 14

Certain chemicals and drugs that diminish the response of cells to radiation

Question 15

Radiosensitizers

Answer 15

Chemicals and drugs that help enhance the lethal effects of radiation

Question 16

Retrospective study

Answer 16

Studies that review information from a group of patients treated in the past

Question 17

Sarcomas

Answer 17

Tumors arising from mesenchymal cells or connective tissue

Question 18

Stage

Answer 18

Cancer is “staged” after a histologic diagnosis is made. Staging helps determine the anatomic extent of the disease. Treatment decisions are based on the histologic diagnosis and extent of the disease

Question 19

Systemic treatment

Answer 19

Killing cells if the primary tumor and those that may be circulating through the body

Question 20

Therapeutic ratio

Answer 20

Delivering the maximum amount of radiation needed to kill the cancer while sparing normal surrounding tissue.