Quiz 1 Terms Flashcards
Iconography
- “Writing of images”
- refers to the content or subject of an piece
- study of content and symbolism in art
Scientific/Linear Perspective
enables artists to mathematically detirmine the relative size of rendered objects to correlate them visually in a piece
Diminution
- occurs in linear perspective
- involves objects becoming smaller and smaller as the space between the viewer and the object increase
Orthogonal
-A line imagined to be behind and perpendicular to the picture plane
-orthogonals in a painting appear to recede
toward a vanishing point on the horizon
Iconology
-interpretation of art that uncovers the cultural, social, and historical background of themes and subjects in the piece
Vanishing Point
-the spot on the horizon line to which the receding parallel lines diminish
Horizon Line
- horizontal line that runs across the paper or canvas to represent the viewer’s eye level
- where the sky meets the ground
Contrapposto
-the standing human figure such that the weight rests on one leg, freeing the other leg, which is bent at the knee
The Canon
-a set of rules, principles, or standards accepted as fundamental to artists
The Great Schism (1053)
Split Christianity into two divisions:
- Roman Catholic
- Eastern Orthodox
Cimabue
- Italian (Florence)
- Painter
- 13th/14th century
- transitional artist (between Medieval and the Renaissance)
Giotto
- Italian
- Painter
- 14th century
- Renaissance style
- Frescos
Renaissance Humanism
- 14th/15th century Italy
- focussed on what it is to be human NOT on religion
- emphasis on education and on expanding knowledge
Pieta
- Pity or Compassion
- Mary sorrowfully contemplating the dead body of her son which she holds on her lap
Lamentation
- depicting the mourning over Christ’s body after it was removed from the cross
- on the ground
Buon Fresco
-wet plaster fresco
Fresco Secco
-dry plaster fresco
The Arena Chapel
- Scrovegni Chapel
- Painted by Giotto
- Paid for by Enrico Scrovegni
- Get his father out of purgatory
Siena Palazzo Pubblico
- frescos by Lorenzetti
- Good and Bad government
- Siena, Italy
- Martini
Patron
-person who pays for or commissions works of art
Artists Guilds
-associations of master craftspeople,
apprentices, and tradespeople
Artistic Training in Italy
- Young boys fathers arrange for them to work under a master for 5-6 years to learn the trade
- Following their time with the master the boys would join a guild according to what the learned/specialized in
Duomo
- Florence, Italy
- Filippo Brunelleschi
Campanile
- Giotto di Bondone designed
- 1334
Giorgio Vasari’s “The Lives of the Artists”
-architect and painter who trained in Michelangelo’s Florentine workshop Divided the Renaissance into three ages: -Cimabue and Giotto -Quattrocento -Cinquecento
Burgundy and Flanders
- controlled much of Northern France + Paris
- Banking
- Wool
- Phillip the Bold was a powerful ruler in the 15th century
Guild of St. Luke
-guild painters sought to join
-the patron
saint of painters because Luke made a portrait of the VirginMary
Tempera Painting
-consists of egg combined with a wet paste of ground pigment -have a velvety sheen -dry quickly
Oil Painting
- powdered pigments mixed with linseed oil
- build up deep tones
- drys slowly
Master of Flemalle
- Robert Campin
- Mérode Altarpiece showing the annunciation
Altarpiece
-decorates the space above and behind the altar in a Christian church
Triptych
- work of art that is divided into three sections
- usually a panel painting
Mérode Altarpiece
- Robert Campin
- showing the annunciation
Jan van Eyck
- Netherlandish painter
- 1395–1441
- Ghent Altarpiece
Ghent Altarpiece
- oil
- original sin of Adam and Eve
- “new realism”
Giovani Arnolfini
-Giovanni Arnolfini and
His Wife
-1434
-Oil on wood
Rogier van der Weyden
- known for his portraits
- shows drama in paintings
- Deposition
Deposition
- by Rogier van der Weyden
- triptych
- agony of loss
- sorrow
Martin Schoengauer
-metal engraver
-Anthony Tormented
by Demons
Intaglio Printmaking
artist incises (cuts) the lines on a metal plate
Sandro Botticelli
- 1444–1510
- mythology
- painted in the Sistine Chapel
- The birth of Venus
The Birth of Venus
- Sandro Botticelli
- nude female
Neoplatonism
- distinguishes between spiritual and physical
- made art more realistic
Lorenzo Ghiberti
-painter
-metal worker
-
Lorenzo Ghiberti
- painter
- metal worker
- Sacrifice of Issac
Donatello
- movement
- contraposto
The Gates of Paradise
10 panels showing reliefs depicting an episode from the Old Testament
-Ghiberti
Mary Magdalene
- Jesus’ closest companion
- symbol of heavenly wisdom
Massaccio
- Florentine Painter
- perspective and naturalism
- influenced the renaissance
Brancacci Chapel
-Massaccio painted “Tribute Money”
-
Holy Trinity
- in Santa Maria Novella
- shows perspective
Andrea del Castagno
- The Last Supper in Sant’Apollonia
- linear perspective to make 3d visual
The Last supper
-Andrea del Castagno
-3d perspective
-
Primavera
- Sandro Botticelli
- Shows different paths of love violent/faithful
Engraving
The process of incising a design in hard material/metal plate
-print or impression made
from such a plate
Palazzo Medici-Riccardi
- Heavy rustication symbolizes strength
- Michelozzo di Bartolommeo
Leon Battista Alberti
-architect
-first Renaissance architect
to understand classical architecture
Perugino’s Christ Giving the Keys to St. Peter
- axial center
- both 2D and 3D
Urbino
-important center of Renaissance
art and culture
-
Duke Federico da Montefeltro
Duke of Urbino
-one of greatest artistic
patrons of the 15th century
-military expertise
Andrea Mantegna
- Lamentation over the Dead Christ
- mastery of perspective
Lamentation over the Dead Christ
-made Christs feet small
-did not follow rules of perspective
-emotional
power
